How Does Premarital Cohabitation Affect Trajectories of Marital Quality?

We investigate the link between premarital cohabitation and trajectories of subsequent marital quality using random effects growth curve models and repeated measures of marital quality from married women in the NLSY‐79 (N = 3,598). We find that premarital cohabitors experience lower quality marital relationships on average, but this is driven by cohabitors with nonmarital births. Premarital cohabitors without nonmarital births report the same marital quality as women who did not cohabit before marriage. Nonmarital childbearing is more strongly associated with lower subsequent marital quality for White women than for Black or Hispanic women. Marital quality declines at similar rates for all couples regardless of cohabitation or nonmarital childbearing status. These findings are robust to numerous alternative model specifications.     

Recognizing Emotions in a Foreign Language

Expressions of basic emotions (joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) can be recognized pan-culturally from the face and it is assumed that these emotions can be recognized from a speaker’s voice, regardless of an individual’s culture or linguistic ability. Here, we compared how monolingual speakers of Argentine Spanish recognize basic emotions from pseudo-utterances (“nonsense speech”) produced in their native language and in three foreign languages (English, German, Arabic). Results indicated that vocal expressions of basic emotions could be decoded in each language condition at accuracy levels exceeding chance, although Spanish listeners performed significantly better overall in their native language (“in-group advantage”). Our findings argue that the ability to understand vocally-expressed emotions in speech is partly independent of linguistic ability and involves universal principles, although this ability is also shaped by linguistic and cultural variables.

浅析所得税会计对两种差异的会计处理方法

本文在对所得税会计中永久性差异和时间性差异的两种账务处理方法 ,即应付税款法和纳税影响会计法进行简炼介绍的同时 ,对两种方法进行了实质性的分析评述 ,最终得出后者优于前者的结论。     

The Role of Co-worker and Supervisor Support in the Relationship Between Job Autonomy and Work Engagement Among Portuguese Nurses: A Multilevel Study

The objective is to analyze the relationship between job resources (i.e., job autonomy and social support) and work engagement in nurses. Hypotheses have been tested through hierarchical linear modeling using data from 313 Portuguese nurses (individual level) nested in 33 work teams (team level), after aggregating individual perceptions to the group level and testing the agreement among these perceptions using the r_wg(j) and the intraclass correlations indices. Results confirmed first, that individual job autonomy and team-level social support (from the supervisor as well as from co-workers) are positively related to individual work engagement and second, that team-level social support has a moderating effect on the relationship between individual job autonomy and individual work engagement (but not in the case of co-workers’ support). This study provides evidence that nurses’ work engagement results from individual job autonomy and collective social support. Accordingly, fostering job autonomy and social support in order to promote work engagement among nurses can be useful for both hospital managers and practitioners.     

Managing Institutional Evolution to Increase the Likelihood of Success: Examples of Guidance from Chinese History

This research investigates the impact of interpersonal trust and leadership style on workplace isolation. It examines the moderating role of self-efficacy on the relationship of interpersonal trust, leadership style and workplace isolation. The study used media richness theory to explain the usefulness of communication media in virtual workplace. Purposive sampling technique is used to select respondents and collect data from five pharmaceutical companies operating in Pakistan. Total two hundred and twenty seven useable questionnaires were coded for final analysis after ignoring incomplete questionnaires. The repose rate is 87 % and hierarchical moderated regression is used to analyze the moderating impact of self-efficacy on hypothesize relations. Result shows that interpersonal trust and transformational leadership style have significant impact to reduce isolation perceptions of sales personnel. Results also provide evidence that interpersonal trust and leadership styles have stronger negative impact on workplace isolation when self-efficacy of salespersons is high. The study proposes development of interpersonal trust on organizational employees and use of transformational leadership in order to reduce work isolation behavior among employees particularly in the virtual work environment. The managerial implications and future directions are also discussed.     

Pre-modern Globalization and Islamic Networks under Mongol Rule: Some Preliminary Considerations on the Spreading of Sufi Knowledge in Gansu-Qinghai†

Exploring the relationship between globalization and Islam has proved to be a difficult task. The importance of globalization as a force in shaping the modern world has been remarked by scholars and experts of various fields, yet enough is unexplained about the mechanisms and processes of global integration in pre-modern times. The present study is a first attempt at both filling the gaps in the theoretical literature, and casting doubts upon the inherent irreconcilability between globalization and the Islamic world. At first place, the discourse of globalization is historicized: by viewing relevant processes retrospectively, with a prequel to the “age of Mongol conquest” and nomadic expansion across Eurasia (thirteenth and fourteenth centuries); and perspectively, out of the West’s experience of modernity and its normative dominance over non-western societies. The nature of Islamic networks is then examined through the prism of early global exchanges, and the eastward transfer of Sufi knowledge understood as the result of strengthening connections between networks. The role of Sufism as one of the determining forces of change is further analysed, with special attention paid to the continuities and ruptures in the development of Sufi brotherhoods and Islamization of northwestern China (Gansu-Qinghai region) through the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.     

城乡融合发展中数字治理共同体的三重逻辑与建构路径

城乡融合发展是巩固脱贫攻坚成果衔接乡村振兴的主要抓手,也是推进国家治理现代化的有力举措。数字化技术的嵌入正在改变城乡社会的发展格局并形塑新的治理模式。在社会数字化转型场域,数字治理成为实现城乡融合发展的重要变量,针对当前数字治理中存在的“碎片化”问题,结合“共同体”理论尝试提出数字治理共同体这一学术命题。在深入阐释其概念特征的基础上,以数字技术与社会治理的深度融合为研究背景,基于“理论-历史-现实”三维视角,系统解构城乡融合发展中数字治理共同体的多重逻辑。基于此,从物理边界的消解与重构、基础网络的织就与形塑、多元主体的融入与互动、科技伦理的诠释与再造等方面提出建构路径,推进“中国之治”话语体系的完善。     

研究生心理状态调查与教育对策

对研究生的自我意识、学习适应、人际交往、求职择业等方面进行调查与分析后,发现研究生的心理与行为总体上呈积极态势,但也存在着一些心理困惑,若不及时教育与引导,将会影响研究生的健康成长。为此,高校应根据研究生心理发展的特点,依据思想政治教育与心理健康教育有机结合、导师潜移默化的影响与指导研究生学习有机结合、自我认知与自我体验的方法与辅导有机结合、以及自助与他助有机结合等原则对他们进行有效的教育。同时,要加强研究生心理健康教育课程研究,将研究生心理健康教育纳入高校心理健康教育体系中,并建立研究生心理健康发展档案,以构建研究生心理健康服务体系与教育模式。     

阆中文化旅游资源可持续利用初探

阆中为中国历史文化名城之一,历史悠久,旅游资源丰富,尤其是文化旅游资源种类多、分布集中,优势突出。阆中文化旅游资源开发和可持续利用应该坚持"开发与保护并重"、"修旧如旧"和"产业化经营"原则。     

国外人力资本贬值率计量研究述评

现阶段我国人力资本贬值研究主要集中在理论层面,实证分析极少涉及。而在国外已有文献中,学者们基于人力资本与个体收入间相互关系,通过建立收入模型对贬值率进行了估算。因此本文将在回顾国内外人力资本贬值相关研究的基础上,着重对国外人力资本贬值率计量文献进行梳理和总结,介绍和分析各类收入模型在贬值率计量研究中的应用及不足,同时对现有研究成果进行回顾,最后给出相关结论及未来研究展望,旨在为今后我国人力资本贬值计量研究的开展提供思路与借鉴。