Development of Dose‐Response Models to Predict the Relationship for Human Toxoplasma gondii Infection Associated with Meat Consumption

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is responsible for approximately 24% of deaths attributed to foodborne pathogens in the United States. It is thought that a substantial portion of human T. gondii infections is acquired through the consumption of meats. The dose‐response relationship for human exposures to T. gondii‐infected meat is unknown because no human data are available. The goal of this study was to develop and validate dose‐response models based on animal studies, and to compute scaling factors so that animal‐derived models can predict T. gondii infection in humans. Relevant studies in literature were collected and appropriate studies were selected based on animal species, stage, genotype of T. gondii, and route of infection. Data were pooled and fitted to four sigmoidal‐shaped mathematical models, and model parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. Data from a mouse study were selected to develop the dose‐response relationship. Exponential and beta‐Poisson models, which predicted similar responses, were selected as reasonable dose‐response models based on their simplicity, biological plausibility, and goodness fit. A confidence interval of the parameter was determined by constructing 10,000 bootstrap samples. Scaling factors were computed by matching the predicted infection cases with the epidemiological data. Mouse‐derived models were validated against data for the dose‐infection relationship in rats. A human dose‐response model was developed as P (d) = 1–exp (–0.0015 × 0.005 × d) or P (d) = 1–(1 + d × 0.003 / 582.414)^?1.479. Both models predict the human response after consuming T. gondii‐infected meats, and provide an enhanced risk characterization in a quantitative microbial risk assessment model for this pathogen.     

鄂榆模式:经济增长产业区性质与外部影响

近10年来,鄂榆地区经济激进式增长,形成了独特的"鄂榆模式",已经引起学术界的关注。为此,运用西方经济地理学的新产业区理论,从鄂榆地区的发展条件入手,总结了"鄂榆模式"的经济性质及基本特征,指出了"鄂榆模式"对我国西部地区经济发展的启迪作用。     

徐建英:把匠心刻在钱币上

正2015年,北京国际钱币博览会。沈阳造币有限公司展台前,人头攒动,相机频闪。一张铺着红绒布的圆形操作台上,堆满了几十种不同规格的刻刀、凿子以及两块橡皮泥、一个手锤和几幅画稿。一个直径40厘米的半成品圆形钢坯正被牢牢地固定在特制的架子上,在小刀小锤富有节奏感的敲击声中,一点一线间改变着模样。不知过了多久,徐建英缓缓直起身,轻而长地吐了口气。他摘下头上的放大镜,习惯性地微皱着眉头,对刚刚雕刻的作品细细端详起     

The Impact of Core Self-evaluations on Job Satisfaction: The Mediator Role of Career Commitment

The present study investigated the impact of core self-evaluations on job satisfaction, with a primary focus on confirmation of the mediator role of career commitment. Three hundred and twelve male soldiers completed the Core Self-Evaluations Scale, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and The Chinese Career Commitment Scale. The results revealed that both career commitment and core self-evaluations were significantly correlated with job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling indicated that career commitment partially mediated the relationship between core self-evaluations and job satisfaction. The final model also revealed a significant path from core self-evaluations to job satisfaction through career commitment. The findings extended prior reports and shed light on how core self-evaluations influence job satisfaction; this provides valuable evidence on promoting job satisfaction in non-commercial organizations.     

高肇家族的移民及其民族认同

北魏宣武帝朝,司徒高肇一族位高权重。高肇的五世祖高顾于永嘉年间避乱东迁至高句丽,至高肇父辈时再次举家西归于北魏,由于在六代之中数经移民,高肇家族＂渤海蓨人＂的历史记忆与民族认同的客观性不仅遭到时人轻之为＂夷土＂之士所出的挑战,同时也被今人质疑为有冒籍之嫌。通过文献所载和碑铭所镌的资料来看,高肇及其后世族人非常重视＂渤海蓨人＂的家族历史,其＂渤海蓨人＂的历史记忆与民族认同在异族区历经数代而不泯。     

发展话语下我国农村留守老人的福利之“痛”

追求现代性的发展话语正在中国复制西方工业化和城市化的发展主义路径。中国在向现代化转型这一过程中,上亿农村劳动力的乡城迁移改变了传统的农村家庭养老结构,削弱了家庭和社区的养老功能,恶化了留守老人的福利状况,留守老人及其家庭并不能完全通过能动应对来克服,因此对留守老人养老造成不利影响。然而,追求现代化范式的国家制度框架正越来越强化村庄的开放性和流动性,却没有采取相应措施来应对留守老人面对的福利困境,从而导致其养老结构出现“断裂”,成为被现代化“抛弃”的群体。     

高职院校“双师型“师资队伍建设研究

“双师型”师资队伍的建设是当前我国高等职业院校内涵式发展重要的组成部分,是高等职业教育人才培养质量的根本保证。本文分析了高职院校双师型教师队伍建设过程中存在的问题,提出了完善双师型师资队伍建设的措施和建议。     

金融衍生工具的风险与防范

金融衍生工具作为一种套期保值和获利的金融产品,具有复杂性、灵活性和杠杆性的特征,它既具有促进经济发展的功能,也具有自身的风险,是引起美国房贷次级债危机、引发全球金融危机的直接原因。金融衍生工具的这些特点表明应加强对衍生工具的外部和内部管理:外部管理即从市场制度方面入手建立一个公平透明的市场;内部管理即投资者内部建立起规范的运作系统和合理科学的风险评估体系。对贯穿于衍生工具的每一阶段,从产生到交易乃至新的组合进行全面的监管,尽可能地避免风险,趋利避害,促进金融市场的健康发展。     

消费主义时代电影的怀旧叙事与文化记忆——兼评影片《山楂树之恋》

在文化消费主义观念盛行的当代社会背景下,电影的怀旧叙事通过创造幻觉体验使观众的心理与情感需求得到替代性满足。但富于主观感受和体验色彩的怀旧叙事无益于历史文化反思,也难以真正触及人的现实生存困境。影片《山楂树之恋》承载着民族文化记忆,内在的表意层面蕴含着对特定年代政治、文化等方面的思考,但并未结合特殊文化语境深入人物心理层面予以揭示。与文化记忆相伴而生的是追求深沉含蓄、淡雅静谧的传统美学风格,影片在细节运用、字幕设计以及人物形象塑造等方面均体现着这种追求。     

WTO能源服务谈判对各国的潜在影响

能源服务已列入WTO的DDA新一轮服务贸易谈判中,部分成员向WTO正式提交了关于能源服务谈判的提案共19份。能源服务贸易谈判范围涉及各国公共政策目标、能源普遍服务义务、能源技术转让、能源市场竞争、能源监管体制及法规透明度等重大问题,对各国尤其是发展中国家具有重大潜在影响。建议我国政府相关部门及企业高度重视,立即着手系统研究能源服务谈判与实现我国能源可持续发展的重大相关性等关键问题,密切关注能源服务市场开放引起的环境问题。