西藏自治区人口结构与变迁——2000年人口普查数据分析

人口普查是世界各国对本国人口结构、人口素质及其变化进行综合调查以掌握人口动态最主要的手段,普查所形成的数据是我们分析一个国家、地区人口基本情况和动态变化的基础信息.本文是对西藏自治区2000年人口普查数据的一个宏观分析,根据普查结果提供的数据对西藏自治区的人口增减、年龄与性别结构、生育死亡统计、行业结构、职业结构、教育结构等进行了系统介绍.在讨论过程中把2000年普查数据与1990年普查和以前的普查数据进行了比较,同时也把西藏自治区人口与其他藏区的人口变迁进行了对比,试图在宏观上把握西藏人口变迁的主要走向和基本特点. 数据分析表明从1982年到2000年期间西藏自治区总人口持续增长,但藏族人口增长速度呈减缓趋势,汉族人口规模波动明显.在生育率和死亡率这两个方面,抽样调查和户籍登记的结果存在明显的差距.在中央政府"援藏项目"和"西部大开发"战略实施中,西藏城镇的暂住流动人口明显增加,将对西藏和其他藏区的社会经济发展带来深远影响.     

The construction and validation of the homopositivity scale: an instrument measuring endorsement of positive stereotypes about gay men

Social scientists appear to focus on negative beliefs about, and attitudes toward, gay men and lesbian women. This emphasis, though understandable in view of the widespread oppression of gay and lesbian individuals, is somewhat myopic because it ignores what might be referred to as the positive dimension of stereotypes. Although such a concept may appear oxymoronic, it is widely recognized that individuals may endorse a mixture of positive and negative stereotypes toward stigmatized groups such as African Americans and women. The purpose of the current series of studies (Study 1, N = 212; Study 2, N = 105) was to devise an instrument measuring endorsement of positive stereotypes about gay men (Homopositivity Scale; HPS). Two versions of the HPS (of varying length) were evaluated, with scale scores on both appearing to be internally consistent and factorially distinct from scales measuring negative stereotypes and prejudices about gay men. These studies also suggest that females are more likely than males to endorse positive stereotypes about gay men, and that such endorsement is negatively associated with need for uniqueness and need for cognition, and positively associated with media contact and benevolent sexism. The limitations of the two studies are outlined and the importance of assessing positive stereotypes about gay men in conjunction with oft-examined homonegativity is discussed.     

Identifying and implementing pathways for organizational change – using the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families as a case example

Change within social work organizations is incessant. This has implications for senior managers and elected members who have to manage these changes. The Department of Health has introduced new guidance entitled the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( Department of Health 1999a ). The guidance is based on a number of principles that require an attitudinal shift in terms of assessing ways of safeguarding children and promoting their welfare. This paper describes strategic approaches to the effective introduction of the framework within social services departments and other child welfare organizations. Two models have been adapted from practice: the actual framework for assessing children and their families and the Protchaska and DiClementi model of change. These models complement each other. The adapted Assessment Framework provides a structure to assess the readiness of the organization for the implementation of the new framework. The model of change provides a schema for planning, implementing and reviewing the introduction and operation of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. Although the focus of the paper is the introduction of the new guidance , the models can be utilized by senior managers in any social care organization who are facilitating major changes in the organization.     

半导体矩形量子阱中电光效应的探讨

通过密度矩阵及坐标变换等方法,导出质量可变的无限深矩阵阱中电光效应的解析表达械,通过对GaAs/AlAs量子阱的数值计算,指出电光效应的大小取决于因有效质量变化引起的阱不对称程度。     

An Investigation of Measures of Modern and Old-Fashioned Sexism

Working from the Principle of Beneficence we make the case that there is a need for adequate measures of sexism in men and women. Swim, Aikin, Hall and Hunter (1995) suggest that modern sexism represents a constellation of beliefs in which individuals: (a) disavow women's present-day discrimination; (b) reject women's demands for political and economic power; and (c) disapprove of policies designed to promote gender equality. To assess this construct, Swim et al. (1995) developed the Modern Sexism Scale (MSS), and to date, few studies have assessed its reliability and factor structure. Using data from 187 Canadian participants, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the unidimensionality of the MSS and Swim and associates' (1995) Old-Fashioned Sexism Scale (OFSS). Results do not support Swim et al.'s conceptualization of modern sexism as a unidimensional construct; however, the OFSS fit a unidimensional model. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

高等中医药教育国际化的实践研究与理论探索

在我国高等教育国际化的发展进程中,高等中医教育表现出其独特的全球化发展优势,这一现象有其自身的历史成因及其学术特征。在中医药知识与技能的世界传播中,承载了国家文化传播的战略功能,其发展的过程对我国高等教育国际化有着重要的启示与借鉴作用。     

安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平精算研究

老龄化程度加剧,失能人数增加,是我国社会面临的一大难题,长期护理保险制度在该问题的解决中发挥着重要的作用。我国长期护理保险筹资机制存在参保主体覆盖面不足、筹资渠道单一、筹资水平高低不等、筹资激励措施缺乏等问题。文章将安徽省参保对象分为城镇职工和城乡居民,并将失能人群分为轻度、中度、重度三个等级,运用国际劳工组织(International Labour Organization,ILO)精算模型中的人口、收入、成本、结果等子模型测算安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平。结果显示,2019年安徽省城镇职工医疗保险参保人群的缴费率为0.14%,城乡居民每年需要缴纳96.77元。结合安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平与我国筹资机制实践存在的不足进行讨论,为安徽省长期护理保险筹资机制的设计提出优化建议。     

国防产业进入管制的经济学分析

实现对国防产业的有效管制,必须解决竞争规则与竞争程序不平等的问题,尽快建立管制规则和与之相应配套的法律法规。其意义在于通过引入非公经济,为国防产业发展提供一个有效的竞争平台和机制;民营经济的引入可以在节约公共财政开支的同时为国防开支增加资金来源。     

信息载体演变与编辑出版活动的历史关系

信息载体的演变过程可分为四个时期:甲骨时期、简帛时期、纸质时期、电子时期。中国的编辑活动从有文字记录的文献产生就已经开始了。甲骨时期的编辑活动主要是从事文献材料的收集、分类编序,使其便于收藏和流传;简帛时期是中国编辑业务的奠基时期,中国历史上出现了书籍编辑活动;纸质时期编辑工作得到了很大的发展,在社会上逐渐形成一种专门的职业,而且其分工也越来越细,出现了不同专业的编辑业务;电子时期为编辑业务的内容和形式又开辟了新的领域。信息载体的演变与社会对信息存储、交流及传承需求之间是辩证关系。编辑活动的历史表明,社会物质生产方式的进步为信息载体演变提供了物质基础,而信息载体的演变决定着编辑活动的发展,反之,编辑活动的需求又加快了信息载体演变的进程。中国的编辑活动经历了收藏编辑、著述编辑、出版编辑和电子编辑四个阶段。     

欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化探析

公共性是政府的根本属性,它决定了政府必须将公共利益作为政府行为的首要原则,确保公共利益得到切实维护和实现。然而,由于各种主客观原因,目前欠发达地区政府行为表现出了利益化、法外化、低效化的不良特征,导致政府行为公共性弱化。本文讨论了欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的现实原因,并提出了规避欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的路径选择。