Labor supply behavior of prospective and new mothers

Utilizing unique data generated from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women, this paper examines the labor force participation of young mothers in the months immediately preceding and following the birth of the first child. Labor supply behavior at this point in the life cycle is described in greater detail than has hitherto been available. In addition, we analyze the independent effect of several factors of interest on the probability that a young woman will be in the labor force during various intervals surrounding the first birth.     

Trends in the determinants of early childbearing

This study uses data from the young women's and new youth cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth Labor Market Experience to examine the extent to which socioeconomic background factors and race have changed in their ability to predict a first birth before age 19 between 1968 and 1980 for women aged nineteen to twenty-three. The authors find little support for their hypothesis that the increasing availability of contraception and abortion for young women from all social classes reduces the traditionally strong inverse association between social class and early childbearing. There is evidence that, even after controlling for changes in socioeconomic background factors, black young women are significantly more likely than their white counterparts to bear children before age 19 in 1980 and the relative gap between races in this regard did not alter perceptively during that period.Prepared for presentation at the Population Association of America meetings, April/May 1987. The authors wish to thank Ronald D'Amico and Susan H. Mott for their helpful comments. This report was partially prepared under a contract with the U.S. Department of Labor with funds provided through an interagency agreement with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Interpretations or viewpoints in this document do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of the Department of Labor or the NICHD.     

On generalized order statistics from linear exponential distribution and its characterization

In this paper, recurrence relations for single and product moments of generalized order statistics (gOSs) from linear exponential distribution (LE) are derived and characterizations of this distribution based on the conditional moments of the gOSs are given.     

以因特网为基础的多媒体辅助课堂教学研究

探讨因特网在高校食品分析课教学中的应用,阐述教学过程整体设计、网络资源利用途径、师生交互有效方式、课程网站开发建设等一系列教学改革实践,确立了以因特网为基础的多媒体辅助课堂教学方式。     

Balance of care—a user's view of a new approach to joint strategic planning

Planning for care of the Elderly has to face the problems of an increasing elderly population; a wide range of alternative ways of caring for them (at widely differing costs); the fact that services are provided by several different organisations all facing difficult financial constraints; a range of professional opinion about the desirability or otherwise of alternative patterns of care and use of resources; a lack of data on how care is at present distributed; the lack of a structure for organising such data as are available; and the lack of an appropriate computer-based model for manipulating the large number of data elements necessary to describe and help to evaluate alternative plans for the future. The Balance of Care approach to the Joint Strategic Planning of Health and Social Services provision for the Elderly, is being used in pilot applications in two Areas in the UK. Its contribution to the solution of the problems outlined above is described by authors from the two Areas. The approach and the underlying model can be extended to strategic planning for other client groups requiring non-acute care.     

Complementarity of work and fertility among young American mothers

Abstract In this paper information about cohorts of young women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Work Experience is used to examine the extent to which women maintain a continuity of work attachment during their early years of childbearing, the years when traditionally they were most likely to withdraw from the work force. The results indicate that women who maintain closer ties to the work force immediately before and after their first birth are also more likely to be employed in 1978 - between five and ten years after their first birth - independently of intervening fertility events and other labour supply factors considered to be important predictors of work. The notion that work and fertility are increasingly becoming complementary activities for American women is supported by these data.     

When is a father really gone? Paternal—Child contact in father-absent homes

This research uses unique longitudinal data to examine the dynamics of the father's presence or absence during a child's first few years of life and consider the extent to which overt father-presence/absence statistics mask a continuing contact with the child's father or other potential father figures. I document the extent to which (1) substantial proportions of children born to younger mothers never have had a biological father residing in the home, (2) "net" levels of fathers' absence at various postbirth points mask significant "gross" flows of fathers in and out of the household, and (3) large proportions of children in homes lacking the biological father have potentially significant contact with absent fathers or new father figures.