高校学生工作精益化管理初探

目前,精益化管理思想已在世界各地被广泛应用。从精益化管理的内涵和理论框架分析入手,论述了高校学生工作实施精益化的必要性,提出了高校实现学生精益化管理的四条途径：具有系统化的设计,实施人性化管理,落实科学化原则,引入项目化管理。     

历史唯物主义的自由概念

历史唯物主义从"现实的个人"及其实践活动出发探讨自由问题,不仅扬弃了自由的抽象性,使其具有科学的内涵,也揭示了自由本质上是历史发展的产物,历史是"现实的个人"走向"自由个性"的过程,是"自由个性"的生成过程,还揭示了实现自由的社会历史条件.     

“未富先老”与“边富边老”：对立还是统一

两大命题各有依归、认识互补。“未富先老”说明的是发展与老龄化关系的先后次序,“边富边老”则说明了两者关系的数量演变。未富是说我们能力不足,先老是说面临的挑战巨大。一先一后,凸显出人口老龄化挑战的严峻性。“边富边老”命题的提出进一步细化和发展了“未富先老”命题,体现了与时俱进的时代精神,可以增强我们解决养老问题的信心。     

Early Segmentation Abilities in Preterm Infants

Infants born preterm have higher risks of developing linguistic deficits. Considering that the ability to segment words from fluent speech is crucial for lexical acquisition, Experiment 1 tested the ability of healthy extremely‐to‐late preterm infants to segment monosyllabic words at 6 months of postnatal age. Results establish basic segmentation skills in these infants. While we failed to find an effect of the degree of prematurity, this issue will need further exploration. Future studies will also have to specify the scope of these early segmentation skills, both in terms of the types of words segmented, the cues used to do so, and in terms of possible differences in performance between subgroups of preterm infants (e.g., based on gestational age or medical risks). Lastly, given that the preterm infants tested had a mean maturational age of 4 months, Experiment 2 explored monosyllabic segmentation in full‐term 4‐month olds. Infants succeeded at the task, providing the earliest developmental evidence of word segmentation in full‐term infants. These findings better specify the early trajectory of segmentation abilities in both full‐term and healthy, low‐risk preterm infants and support the proposal that prematurity might have a differential effect on the early acquisition of various linguistic levels.     

Contact between birth parents and children in kinship care in a sample from Spain

Within the context of kinship care, the main objectives of this work are to study the characteristics of contact between foster children and their birth parents, and their relationship with key variables of fostering, the children and their kinship caregivers. The sample included 189 children from Spain and their kinship families. A semi‐structured placement interview and two scales relating to the child–caregiver relationship and child's psychological adjustment were used with the kinship families. The results revealed a significant percentage of foster children who had no family contact. Various visit types, frequencies and durations were described. Kinship care with contact, compared with placements without contact, was frequently characterized by the absence of professional supervision, and an affectionate child–caregiver relationship; moreover, children with contact were perceived to have fewer serious behaviour and socio‐emotional problems and a greater probability of family reunification. The regression analysis showed that the main predictors for how caregivers assessed contact were the children's emotional reaction during visits and the quality of the relationship between the kinship families and the birth parents. These results suggest the need for further research about contact, which will certainly have a major impact on professional intervention with these families.     

Driving Under the Influence of Risky Peers: An Experimental Study of Adolescent Risk Taking

Both passive and active social influences may affect adolescents' dangerous driving. In this study, we used an experimental paradigm to delineate these two influences with actual peers. Adolescents completed a simulated driving task, and we measured risk preferences of each member of the peer group. We used hierarchical linear modeling to partition variance in risky decisions. Adolescents experienced many more crashes when they had “passengers” present who reported a strong preference for risk taking and who actively provided decision‐making guidance. Although youth in the passive peer condition were also influenced by the riskiness of their peers, this relation was less strong relative to the active condition. We discuss the need for interventions focussing on active and passive peer influence.     

Integration of time as a factor in ergonomic simulation

The paper describes the application of a simulation based ergonomic evaluation. Within a pilot project, the algorithms of the screening method of the European Assembly Worksheet were transferred into an existing digital human model. Movement data was recorded with an especially developed hybrid Motion Capturing system. A prototype of the system was built and is currently being tested at the Volkswagen Group. First results showed the feasibility of the simulation based ergonomic evaluation with Motion Capturing.     

建国初期的马克思主义理论教育及其启示

建国初期开展马克思主义理论教育,是为了改变党内忽视理论的经验主义的危险倾向,用社会主义思想占领思想战线,为党领导人民完成新的历史任务奠定坚实的思想基础。这次理论教育,在全党以加强党风为目标,在知识分子中以思想改造为目标,在工农大众中以经济社会发展的各项任务为目标。理论教育过程中,党员干部、党内党外分层次,以学习毛泽东思想为重点,取得现实的和历史的深远影响。     

重庆少数民族民歌及其分类

在研究重庆民族分布和民歌地域分布基础上,指出重庆少数民族民歌主要由土家族民歌和苗族民歌组成。依据民歌的内容,重庆少数民族民歌在种类上主要分为古歌、劳动歌、生活歌三大类。重庆少数民族民歌是重庆少数民族文化的活化石,它为特殊的文化系统、流域等地理环境所孕育,包含了民歌与人诗意生存的关联。从民歌的价值功能自然能够揭示保护民歌的意义。     

新制度经济学中的怨恨

新制度经济学突破了新古典经济学的范式,被视为经济学领域内的一场革命。运用价值现象学的方法可以揭示出新制度经济学的社会心理基础。怨恨构造了现代社会的精神气质,新制度经济学与这种精神气质是一致的,交易费用分析范式与近代思想对否定的创造性力量的强调是一致的。新制度经济学对制度起源及变迁的关注都与怨恨所造成的价值假象密切相关。怨恨使得现代人对世界的基本体验是怀疑,新制度经济学的个体主义分析方法也与这种基本体验有关。