Basic policies of the Philippine Population Program

This history of the Philippine Population Commission, which was created in 1969, is summarized. In 1970 President F.E. Marcos defined the government's task in this area as: 1) educating the people on the urgent need for population control; 2) disseminating knowledge on birth control techniques; and 3) providing facilities, especially in rural areas. Funding began in 1971. The 4 basic policies are noncoercion, integration, multiagency participation, and the partnership of the public and private sectors. The noncoercion policy means that all birth control techniques are offered and couples are free to use or reject whatever they wish. This has probably slowed the spread of family planning, but has also minimized opposition. Family planning has never been the domain of 1 agency but has been implemented through many agencies working together. Now it is being implemented through total community development plans, of which family planning is merely 1 component. This approach puts irrigation workers, agricultural development workers, and many others on the family planning team. private agencies have also had an important role to play in the development of the total program. For the past 5 years these have been mainly voluntary sociocivic and health associations whose interests are very close to or naturally related to family planning. Now the entry of business into the Population Program through the commercial contraceptive marketing program has enlarged the role of the private sector in the diffusion of family planning products and services. It is possible that the partnership between the public and private sectors may soon be based on segmentation of the target population with government agencies going deep into rural areas while private organizations concentrate on urban and adjacent rural areas.     

中国出生人口性别比:从存疑到求解

背景1982年第三次人口普查数据公布以后,中国出生性别比问题就已经开始引起国内外学者的广泛关注。但在20世纪90年代中期以前,国内外学者对于我国出生人口性别比偏高问题的“真假性”却有着不同的看法。有些学者认为出生性别比问题是由漏报或瞒报女婴所造成的,也就是说我国的这种性别比偏高是“假性”的,因为这部分漏报或瞒报的女性婴儿事实上已经存活于世,只是在人口普查统计中没有被反映出来,她们会在离调查时点较远的时间里逐渐显现。也有学者认为性别比偏高主要是由于女婴死亡率偏高或产前性别鉴定和性别选择流产决定的,我国的这种性别…     

人口普查工作新平台：人口地理信息系统

本文在回顾我国人口普查传统方法技术基础上 ,分析了新形势下国内外人口普查技术新进展 ,并指出人口地理信息系统的建设是我国人口普查新工作平台。本文探讨了人口地理信息系统基本功能和系统结构 ,并从五个方面详细分析人口地理信息系统如何辅助人口普查工作 :普查登记阶段 ,GIS技术可以辅助划分普查区域 ,绘制出普查地图和调查小区地图 ,提高速度和准确性 ,确保地域上的不重不漏 ;利用人口GIS ,可以充分发挥基本单位名录库在普查中的重要作用 ;利用人口GIS ,可以拓宽抽样调查和专项调查应用领域 ;利用调查小区空间不变性 ,可以统一普查资料空间基准 ,极大的拓宽普查资料应用范围 ;利用人口GIS ,可以加深人口普查数据的开发利用。未来十年内 ,将会有更多的区域建设各等级人口专题地理信息系统。     

中国特色的人口老龄化过程、前景和对策

基于基本国情 ,中国老龄化具有老年人数多、老龄化速度快、未富先老和老龄化地区差别大的特点。老年人健康长寿水平与发达地区有很大差距 ,中国老龄政策要把老年人健康作为优先考虑的内容。老龄化速度快是低生育的结果 ,应充分利用“人口红利”为老龄化做好物质准备。老龄政策必须与经济社会发展水平相适应。在未富先老的条件下 ,老年人提高生活质量必须政府主导、社会参与、群众支持     

Population statistics] as of Oct 1, 1995

The publication of these statistics is part of an effort to provide current demographic estimates for Thailand every three months. The tabulated data pertain to October 1995. Estimates are provided for the following demographic measures: total population (59,627,000); male population (29,796,000); female population (29,831,000); urban population (18,830,000); rural population (40,797,000); population by region: northern region (11,978,000), northeastern region (19,413,000), southern region (7,464,000), central region excluding Bangkok Metro (12,936,000), and Bangkok Metropolis (7,836,000); population by age group: under 15 years (17,172,000), 15-59 years (38,102,000), 60 and over (4,353,000), 6-21 years (19,939,000), 18 years and over (38,528,000), 20 years and over (36,259,000), and women aged 15-44 years (15,393,000); crude birth rate per 1000 population (17.6), crude death rate per 1000 population (5.2); natural growth rate (1.2%); infant mortality rate per 1000 live births (30.8); male life expectancy at birth (66.6 years); female life expectancy at birth (71.7 years); male life expectancy at age 60 (18.8 years); female life expectancy at age 60 (22.0 years); total fertility rate (1.95); contraceptive prevalence rate (74.0%); and projected population for the year 2012 (71,860,000). A chart gives the estimated percentage of cumulative deaths from AIDS by age group in 2000 and 2005.     

Communique of the National Sample Survey of Fertility and Birth Control (abstract)

The State Family Planning Commission in China surveyed 2,151,212 people, including 459,269 married women aged 15-57 on fertility and birth control, in July, 1988 from 30 provinces and other regions. From 1980- 87 the average total fertility rate was 2.47 vs. 4.01 in the 1970s. Fertility rates in the 80s were 1.33 for cities, 2.43 for towns, and 2.84 for villages. 1st parity births rose from 44.15% to 52.55% from Jan. to July of 1988 and 2nd parity births were about 30%. Women aged 50-57 had an average of 5.27 children while women aged 45-59 had an average of 4.44 children. 71.21% of childbearing-age women use contraception: 10.99% use male sterilization, 38.24% use female sterilization, 41.48% use IUDs, 4.91% oral pills, 2.65% condoms, 0.42% external contraceptives, and 1.32% use other methods. 13.79% of the married, childbearing-age couples have one-child certificates. The population of China as of April 1989 was 1.1 billion. In 1988 the birth rate was 20.78/1000 and the death rate was 6.58/1000.     

成功老龄化研究--以北京老年人为例

本文利用北京老龄化多维纵向研究数据,对北京老年人的成功老龄化状况进行了分析.分析结果表明,年龄、性别、受教育程度和家庭经济状况等因素影响着成功老龄化.属于成功老龄化范畴的老年人主要是低年龄、男性、受教育时间长、拥有较多家庭财产或月收入的老年人.上述因素并不只对某一个年龄组产生影响,它们对老年的各个阶段都有影响.年龄的增长与老年人身体、心理和社会功能有着紧密的联系,在控制了年龄、性别、教育和收入变量之后,老年人之间的差异依然存在.     

引起中国出生性别比偏高的三要素

从“人群、技术和管理系统”三个要素分析造成中国出生性别比升高的原因 ,在出生性别比异常偏高的地方 ,首先 ,有一定规模的男孩偏好的人群 ;其次 ,有可以获得的性别选择信息和技术服务 ;同时 ,存在着对性别选择行为疏于管理的系统。这三要素是在中国社会经济、文化习俗和生育政策的大环境下发挥着作用 ,因此 ,出生性别比偏高的治理工作必须从这三要素入手 ,同时必须努力创造有利于出生性别比治理工作的社会、经济、文化和政策环境。     

Bulletin of major figures from manual tabulation of the national sample survey on fertility and birth control of China

The State Council, the State Family Planning Commission, the State Statistical Bureau, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Public Security of China together carried out a national sample survey on fertility and birth control in China in 1988. The survey was carried out in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The Tibetan Autonomous Region and the Hainan Province were surveyed for the 1st time, but the results from Tibet were not collected in time for this publication. The main respondents were the married women at age 15-57, with 2,114,591 people surveyed and a sampling proportion of 1.98/1000. This article describes the survey and its results according to birth rate, parity composition, and rural-urban fertility differences. Birth rates, mortality rates, and natural increase rates from high to low orders were tabulated for: urban areas, farms, towns, rural townships, and suburban townships. With the first 1/2 of 1988 birth rates tabulated, it was estimated that the total number of births in China will be less than in 1987. In 1987, the rate of 3rd or higher parity birth was below 5% in 6 provinces and municipalities, but 10 provinces and autonomous regions were over 20%. Fertility rates showed considerable disparity depending on the locational demographics (e.g. birth rates in urban areas were 14.3/1000 yet birth rates were 24.3/1000 in suburban townships).     

海南少数民族地区文化与民族教育

本文论述海南少数民族地区文化之特性、功能与价值 ,以及它与民族教育的关系。