高校图书馆公共调查方法与指标的研究

图书馆是高校的重要组成部分 ,其管理状况和作用的发挥关系到所在高校全局的发展。为了搞好图书馆建设 ,公共调查是一项经常性、基础性的工作。该文从高校图书馆公共调查的一般指标和方法的角度 ,结合高校图书馆的特点 ,提出了公共调查的一般思路、各业务板块的调查指标和方法设计及图书馆综合调查的要求和结构     

An exploratory study of the relation between concrete and abstract product attributes

It is argued that the abstract product attributes that consumers mention in a research setting should not be interpreted as combinations of the more concrete attributes consumers mention. Results from a laddering study show that a majority of elicited abstract product attributes are unrelated to concrete attributes. Furthermore, these unrelated abstract attributes are about different product aspects than the related abstract attributes. These findings are discussed in the light of the problem of ‘actionability', and of models for new product development.     

Beyond Miami: The Ethnic Enclave and Personal Income in Various Cuban Communities in the United States1

It is frequently noted that Cubans living in Miami are successful because they benefit from the formation of an enclave economy. Using the 1990 Census Public Use Microdata, this study broadens the examination beyond Miami to address the question of why Cubans living elsewhere have higher earnings than those in Miami. Specifically, I address the question of whether there is a relationship between Cuban ethnic enclave participation and Cuban income. Findings indicate that Cubans in Miami have the lowest personal income. Cubans living in areas with the lowest Cuban populations have the highest incomes. These findings are evidence against the enclave economy hypothesis.     

多科性研究型大学办学指导思想下的图书馆职能转换及建设对策

建设国际知名、国内高水平多科性研究型大学已成为北京林业大学的办学指导思想和奋斗目标 ,因此 ,图书馆面临着服务对象、服务内容、服务方式、服务针对性、服务层次等 5个方面的职能转换。针对形势变化和学校建设的需求 ,该文提出了图书馆在 4个方面的建设对策 :①建设研究型特色图书馆 ;②建设能提供深层次、全方位的文献信息导航服务的导航体系 ;③对文献信息资源进行重组和优化配置 ,建设特色馆藏 ;④启动支撑学科建设尤其是重点学科建设的“数字图书馆工程项目”。     

数字化图书馆对培养创新人才的支撑作用

知识经济的核心是知识创新 ,而知识创新要求高等教育必须培养造就一批高素质的创新人才。数字化图书馆是高校图书馆发展的必然趋势。建设数字化图书馆对培养造就高素质的创新人才具有不可替代的重要作用。该文论述了数字化图书馆的概念、特征及其对培养高素质创新人才的重要作用 ,并提出了面向培养创新人才的数字化图书馆的建设方略     

Choice of reinforcement rates and work rates with concurrent schedules

A constrained optimisation theory or choice in concurrent schedules of reinforcement is presented. The theory posits that subjects evaluate both reinforcement rates and the work rates required to produce them and select the most highly valued combination. The chosen reinforcement rate is obtained by efficiently allocating work rate across schedules. The theory provides a unified explanation for maximisation of the overall reinforcement rate, the law of least effort, choice under Conc FR FR, Conc VR VR. Conc VI VI and Conc VI VR schedules, and choice of work rate.     

Laplace-normal mixtures fitted to wind shear data

A mixture model with Laplace and normal components is fitted to wind shear data available in grouped form. A set of equations is presented for iteratively estimating the parameters of the model using an application of the EM algorithm. Twenty-four sets of data are examined with this technique, and the model is found to give a good fit to the data. Some hypotheses about the parameters in the model are discussed in light of the estimates obtained.     

Do bootstrap confidence procedures behave well uniformly in P?

An important statistical problem is to construct a confidence set for some functional T(P) of some unknown probability distribution P. Typically, this involves approximating the sampling distribution J_n(P) of some pivot based on a sample of size n from P. A bootstrap procedure is to estimate J_n(P) by J_n(&Pcirc;_n), where P?_n is the empirical measure based on a sample of size n from P. Typically, one has that J_n(P) and J_n(P?_n) are close in an appropriate sense. Two questions are addressed in this note. Are J_n(P) and J_n(P?_n) uniformly close as P varies as well? If so, do confidence statements about T(P) possess a corresponding uniformity property? In the case T(P) = P, the answer to the first questions is yes; the answer to the second is no. However, bootstrap confidence statements about T(P) can be made uniform over a restricted, though large, class of P. Similar results apply to other functional T(P).     

Macroeconomic conditions, institutional factors and demographic structure: What causes welfare caseloads?

Some of the possible determinants of changes observed in welfare caseloads are analysed in this study. The paper attempts to explain variations in welfare caseloads on the basis of four different factors: macroeconomic conditions, interactions with other income maintenance programmes, changes in the programme's parameters and changes in the demographic structure. Different models are tested by applying time series techniques. The data employed are of an administrative nature and cover the whole period that the Madrid programme has been in operation. The results show that the effects of both unemployment and institutional variables are strong and significant. Macroeconomic effects on caseloads could be offset or reinforced by changes in unemployment protection and reforms of the programme's parameters. The significant effects found for the share of lone-parent applicants also show that demographic shifts could shape the trends of welfare rolls regardless of the changes in unemployment or the implementation of institutional reforms. The authors would like to thank Juan Gabriel Rodríguez, Minoru Kunizaki, Miguel Angel Malo and three anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions. Financial and technical support from the Spanish Institute for Fiscal Studies, the Inter-ministerial Commission on Science and Technology (SEC 2001-0746) and the Social Services Department of the Madrid Government is also gratefully acknowledged. Responsible editor: Christian Dustmann.