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51.
We analyse data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to reveal that immigrants in Canada and the United States make over $200 less per month than native‐born workers. In the United States, immigrants disproportionately work in low‐wage occupations, leading to large mean national differences between immigrants and native workers. The wage differential disappears after accounting for education and cognitive skills, indicating policies must focus on reducing education and skill gaps in the United States. In Canada, an immigrant wage gap persists in nearly all occupational fields, suggesting that the better skilled and educated immigrants in Canada are not receiving the same wage premium as native workers. We close with implications for policy and future research. 相似文献
52.
53.
Jill C. Smith 《Disability & Society》2016,31(2):180-191
In this article I explore a methodology of storytelling as a means of bringing together research around autism and childhood in a new way, as a site of the embodied becoming of autism and childhood. Through reflection on an ethnographic story of embodiment, the body is explored as a site of knowledge production that contests its dominantly storied subjectivation as a ‘disordered’ child. Storytelling is used to experiment with a line of flight from the autistic-child-research assemblage into new spaces of potential and possibility where the becomings of bodies within the collision of autism and childhood can be celebrated. 相似文献
54.
The Development of Impulse Control and Sensation‐Seeking in Adolescence: Independent or Interdependent Processes?
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Elizabeth P. Shulman Kathryn Paige Harden Jason M. Chein Laurence Steinberg 《Journal of research on adolescence》2016,26(1):37-44
This study examines whether changes in impulse control and sensation‐seeking across adolescence and early adulthood reflect independent or interdependent developmental processes. Data are drawn from a national longitudinal study (N = 8,270; 49% female; 33% Black, 22% Hispanic, 45% non‐Black, non‐Hispanic). An autoregressive latent trajectory model is used to test whether development in one trait influences development in the other. Although levels of these traits are inversely correlated, we do not find evidence that change over time in either trait is influenced by the prior level of the other. This failure to reject the null hypothesis is consistent with the view that sensation‐seeking and impulse control are the products of distinct neuropsychological systems that develop independently of one another. 相似文献
55.
Barbara Smith Matthew Parsons Jennifer Hand 《Journal of gerontological social work》2014,57(8):790-809
The memory of combat experience endures in World War II veterans. As veterans age, traumatic memory that previously may have been suppressed in the busyness of family and everyday life can re-emerge. Combat stress may affect not only the veterans, but also those people closely associated with them. Interviews were conducted with World War II veteran aircrew, wives, children, grandchildren, siblings, and friends to examine the impact of combat experience on the veterans and the family across the life course from the perspectives of the various participants. The combat experience significantly affected the life course of most. 相似文献
56.
A number of studies have suggested breastfed infants have improved bonding and attachment or cognitive development outcomes.
However, mechanisms by which these differences might develop are poorly understood. We used maternal time use data to examine
whether exclusively breastfeeding mothers spend more time in close interactive behaviors with their infants than mothers who
have commenced or completed weaning. Mothers (188) participating in a time use survey recorded infant feeding activities for
24 h over a 7 day period using an electronic device. Tracking was conducted at 3, 6, and 9 months postpartum. Data was collected
for maternal activities including infant feeding and time spent in emotional care. The mothers of exclusively breastfed infants
aged 3–6 months fed them frequently and total time spent in breastfeeding averaged around 17 h a week. Maternal time spent
in emotional care was also substantial, and found to correlate positively with time spent breastfeeding. Exclusively breastfed
infants received greatest amounts of emotional care from their mother, and exclusively formula fed infants the least. Mixed
fed infants received more emotional care time than formula fed infants, but less than fully breastfed infants. These findings
may help explain the differential cognitive developmental outcomes reported in the medical literature for breastfed and non
breastfed infants. 相似文献
57.
We investigated associations between retrospectively assessed timing of pubertal development, interpersonal interactions, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity to an interpersonal stress task in 110 young adult women. Participants provided salivary cortisol samples at points prior and subsequent to a video‐taped conflict discussion with their romantic partner. Participants also provided subjective global ratings of their discussion on dimensions of conflict and support. For earlier developing girls, higher levels of interpersonal conflict were associated with greater physiological stress in anticipation of the discussion task and less physiological recovery following the discussion. In contrast, for later developing girls, low levels of conflict were associated with greater anticipatory stress and less physiological recovery. These findings have implications for understanding the influence of off‐time pubertal development on the lifetime development of young women. 相似文献
58.
This article examines the concept of career exploration in adult populations. In contrast to the prevailing positive view of career exploration, the authors present a more complex and balanced perspective of this process, addressing some of the barriers to career exploration and the applicability of this concept to different populations. They examine differences between voluntary exploration and forced or chance exploration, discuss how relationships may be barriers to exploration, consider various outcomes of career explorations, and call for a more holistic view of the individual in career counseling. 相似文献
59.
Heidi Tavakoli Gregory Smith 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2013,31(1):59-74
This article analyses evidence for each of the expected benefits of budget support in turn, and finds the biggest improvements in the pro‐poor nature of public expenditure and public financial management. More modest improvements are noted in the predictability of aid and the burden of transaction costs, while less is known about the real effects on domestic accountability. Underlying them all is an assessment that programmes are incapable of ‘buying’ reforms. Drawing on the analysis, seven areas are highlighted where budget support design can be strengthened vis‐à‐vis its original rationale. 相似文献
60.
Nicholas G. Hall Joseph Y.‐T. Leung Chung‐Lun Li 《Production and Operations Management》2015,24(8):1248-1265
This study considers a typical scheduling environment that is influenced by the behavioral phenomenon of multitasking. Under multitasking, the processing of a selected job suffers from interruption by other jobs that are available but unfinished. This situation arises in a wide variety of applications; for example, administration, manufacturing, and process and project management. Several classical solution methods for scheduling problems no longer apply in the presence of multitasking. The solvability of any scheduling problem under multitasking is no easier than that of the corresponding classical problem. We develop optimal algorithms for some fundamental and practical single machine scheduling problems with multitasking. For other problems, we show that they are computationally intractable, even though in some cases the corresponding problem in classical scheduling is efficiently solvable. We also study the cost increase and value gained due to multitasking. This analysis informs companies about how much it would be worthwhile to invest in measures to reduce or encourage multitasking. 相似文献