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931.
Batch manufacturing firms are experiencing significant changes because of technological developments in work center design, such as flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and planning/control tools like computer-aided process planning (CAPP). These new developments provide production managers with some solutions to a number of complex problems. For example, numerical-controlled (NC) machine center installations are effective in providing quality parts because of tight tolerance specifications built into the equipment. However, these highly efficient centers create bottlenecks that constrain shop throughput, since production planners tend to rely too much on them. To help improve manufacturing planning, we introduce an important element to the batch production scheduling component of CAPP's mission—evaluating possible alternate routes. Production scheduling encompasses job route selection as well as machine center assignment (loading), job releasing, and setting due dates. In this paper, three routing strategies requiring different levels of shop floor information are tested and evaluated using computer simulation. Shop performance is measured by total cost and traditional measures of job flow time, lateness, and tardiness. 相似文献
932.
This paper is concerned with the determination of reorder points and safety-stock levels for situations where both the demand and lead-time distributions are discrete and independent. Formulas are developed for computing exact probabilities for the lead-time demand distribution on the basis of empirical distributions. Practitioners can use the model to obtain exact probabilities for situations where the computational burden is justified, while academicians can use the model to evaluate heuristic approaches to the reorder-point problem. 相似文献
933.
Paul Sieghart 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》1983,1(1):95-104
People Matter — Views on International Human Rights Policy. By Theo van Boven, collected and introduced by Hans Thoolen. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1982. 186pp. Development, Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Report of a Conference held in The Hague, 27 April-1 May 1981, convened by the International Commission of Jurists. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1982. 237pp. 相似文献
934.
The role and relevance of domain knowledge, perceptions of planning importance, and risk tolerance in predicting savings intentions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The need for individuals to increase retirement savings has been widely promoted, yet our understanding of the motivations of individuals to save at a higher rate remains sparse. This paper reports the findings of a survey of 2300 retirement savings fund members and their motivations to contribute more to savings and to actively manage their investment strategy. Utilising the theory of planned behavior, the study reveals respondent’s self-reported attitudes, subjective norms and perceptions of behavioral control account for a high proportion of the variance in behavioral intention. Contrary to expectations, the study finds that respondent’s risk tolerance adds little to the prediction of behavioral intention. By contrast, perceptions of planning importance and self-assessed planning preparedness (domain knowledge) are found to exert powerful indirect influences on behavioral intentions via the perceived behavioral control construct. This novel finding confirms the relevance of planning constructs and financial literacy to an understanding of retirement savings behavior, and establishes a need to improve levels of financial literacy in society. 相似文献
935.
936.
Daniel King Paul Delfabbro Mark Griffiths 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(2):175-187
Adolescents’ use of the Internet and other digital media for the purpose of gambling represents a serious concern in modern
society. This paper overviews some of the available monetary and non-monetary forms of gambling within new digital and online
media and monetary forms of games with gambling-like experiences. With reference to current psychological knowledge on the
risk factors that promote adolescent gambling, it is suggested that new gambling technologies may: (a) make gambling more
accessible and attractive to young people, (b) may promote factually incorrect information about gambling, (c) provide an
easy escape from real world problems such as depression and social isolation, (d) create a gambling environment that easily
facilitates peer pressures to gamble, (e) ease parental transmission of gambling attitudes and beliefs, and (f) make gambling
more ubiquitous and socially acceptable. The unique risks of Internet gambling for young people are critically discussed,
as well as the lack of restricted classification for video games and other media that feature interactive, non-monetary forms
of gambling. 相似文献
937.
Bayesian Inference for a Stochastic Epidemic Model with Uncertain Numbers of Susceptibles of Several Types 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yu Hayakawa Philip D. O'Neill Darren Upton Paul S.F. Yip 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2003,45(4):491-502
A stochastic epidemic model with several kinds of susceptible is used to analyse temporal disease outbreak data from a Bayesian perspective. Prior distributions are used to model uncertainty in the actual numbers of susceptibles initially present. The posterior distribution of the parameters of the model is explored via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The methods are illustrated using two datasets, and the results are compared where possible to results obtained by previous analyses. 相似文献
938.
This article reports on a qualitative study that investigated how various risk factors associated with the process of sign-out reporting across shifts in critical care hospital environments could lead to flawed communication and thus to increased risk of poor patient outcomes. The study was performed in two critical care hospital units: the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). We collected data from observations of eight nurses and four resident physicians in the PICU and four nurses and four resident physicians in the PACU giving sign-out reports during their shift changes. In addition, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a separate sample of medical providers consisting of nurse managers, attending physicians, nurses, and residents from each of these two units. The issues that were addressed in these interviews included how various methods of conducting sign-outs and factors such as personality and experience could impact the effectiveness of communication during sign-out reporting. We also collected data from these medical providers on how failures in communication during sign-out reporting could lead to potentially adverse patient outcomes. The article concludes with the presentation of a modeling framework that demonstrates how the combined influences of risk factors can generate a particularly important type of failure mode in communication and how interventions can be targeted to serve as barriers to such events. A number of recommendations intended for reducing risks associated with the communication of sign-out reports are also presented. 相似文献
939.
The spaces and ethics of organic food 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Initial assessments of the potential for organic food systems have offered an optimistic interpretation of the progressive political and ethical characteristics involved. This positive gloss has prompted a stream of critique emphasising the need to explore the ambiguities and disconnections inherent therein. In this paper, we consider the case of Riverford Organic Vegetables,1 arguably the largest supplier of organic vegetables in the UK, and suggest that existing debates assume too much about the “goods” and “rights” of organic food and leave important questions about the spaces and ethics of organic food. We argue that, in the case of Riverford, the space of organic food production and distribution is neither the small, local, counter-cultural farm nor the large, transnational, corporate firm. Rather, simultaneously, the spaces of organic food production and distribution are the national network, the regional distribution system and the local farm. In addition, in the case of Riverford, the ethics of organic food exhibit few grand designs (of environmental sustainability, for example). Rather, the ethics of organic food are best characterised as: ordinary, since they relate to concerns about taste, value for money, care within the family and so on; diverse, since multiple practices steer the production and distribution of organic food; and graspable, in that both vegetables and box have material and symbolic presence for consumers. 相似文献
940.
Paul J. Draus Harvey A. Siegal Robert G. Carlson Russel S. Falck Jichuan Wang 《The Sociological quarterly》2005,46(1):165-189
This article describes the process of recruiting research subjects for a natural history study of illicit stimulant use in rural Ohio using respondent-driven sampling and ethnographic methods. Participant observation, qualitative interviews, and focus groups were used to establish the project and to evaluate and modify the sampling process as it unfolded. We outline the steps taken in several different rural counties, using ethnographic data to illustrate local differences and obstacles that were faced. The article concludes that respondent-driven sampling is a promising method for identifying and recruiting members of hidden populations in rural areas. However, adequate time must be allotted to establish ethnographic footholds and to reach various networks in separate communities. 相似文献