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911.
Fernando A. Quintana Peter Müller Gary L. Rosner Mary V. Relling 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2008,57(4):419-431
Summary. We discuss the analysis of data from single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays comparing tumour and normal tissues. The data consist of sequences of indicators for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and involve three nested levels of repetition: chromosomes for a given patient, regions within chromosomes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms nested within regions. We propose to analyse these data by using a semiparametric model for multilevel repeated binary data. At the top level of the hierarchy we assume a sampling model for the observed binary LOH sequences that arises from a partial exchangeability argument. This implies a mixture of Markov chains model. The mixture is defined with respect to the Markov transition probabilities. We assume a non-parametric prior for the random-mixing measure. The resulting model takes the form of a semiparametric random-effects model with the matrix of transition probabilities being the random effects. The model includes appropriate dependence assumptions for the two remaining levels of the hierarchy, i.e. for regions within chromosomes and for chromosomes within patient. We use the model to identify regions of increased LOH in a data set coming from a study of treatment-related leukaemia in children with an initial cancer diagnostic. The model successfully identifies the desired regions and performs well compared with other available alternatives. 相似文献
912.
Peter Krause 《Soziologie》2005,34(1):95-97
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
913.
Applying the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory as a framework, this study among Dutch nurses (n=156) first tested whether work-related demands, resources and self-esteem were differentially associated with the three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and depersonalization), respectively. In addition, the current study investigated the interrelationships between the burnout dimensions and the hypothesized moderating effect of self-esteem. As expected, emotional exhaustion was primarily associated with job demands (i.e. work overload) and-to a slightly lower extent-with resources such as social support and self-esteem. In contrast, but also according to the authors' predictions, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were not associated with job demands. Emotional exhaustion was, as predicted, an important correlate of depersonalization, whereas reduced personal accomplishment was negatively associated with self-esteem and with quality of work content, a resource. In line with earlier findings but contrary to some recent propositions, reduced personal accomplishment was positively associated with depersonalization. Finally, self-esteem did not moderate the relationships between the selected work factors and the burnout dimensions. The limitations of the study are discussed and directions for future research are proposed. 相似文献
914.
Modeling prior information as a fuzzy set and using Zadeh’s extension principle, a general approach is presented how to rate
linear affine estimators in linear regression. This general approach is applied to fuzzy prior information sets given by ellipsoidal
α-cuts. Here, in an important and meaningful subclass, a uniformly best linear affine estimator can be determined explicitly.
Surprisingly, such a uniformly best linear affine estimator is optimal with respect to a corresponding relative squared error
approach. Two illustrative special cases are discussed, where a generalized least squares estimator on the one hand and a
general ridge or Kuks–Olman estimator on the other hand turn out to be uniformly best. 相似文献
915.
Francesco Audrino & Peter Bühlmann 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2001,63(4):727-744
We propose a new generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) model with tree-structured multiple thresholds for the estimation of volatility in financial time series. The approach relies on the idea of a binary tree where every terminal node parameterizes a (local) GARCH model for a partition cell of the predictor space. The fitting of such trees is constructed within the likelihood framework for non-Gaussian observations: it is very different from the well-known regression tree procedure which is based on residual sums of squares. Our strategy includes the classical GARCH model as a special case and allows us to increase model complexity in a systematic and flexible way. We derive a consistency result and conclude from simulation and real data analysis that the new method has better predictive potential than other approaches. 相似文献
916.
Peter Chua 《Sociology Compass》2008,2(4):1179-1191
Since the 1990s, sociologists and others have increasingly used the term orientalism to refer commonly to ethnocentrism, Eurocentrism, prejudicial stereotyping, and cultural misrepresentations of non-'western' societies, particularly those influenced by Islamic knowledge and practices. I chart how theorist Edward Said has helped initiate the sociology of orientalism by emphasizing the relationship of orientalism as a set of cultural practice and discourse to modern empires and global imperialism. I discuss the prominent clusters of studies published in English in the sociology of orientalism: (i) cultural representations and (ii) cultural regulation and social-identity formation. I argue that these studies have examined the ways orientalisms have deployed signifying practices of abstraction, difference, and desire in constructing problematic images and social relations. Furthermore, I contend that sociology as an intellectual endeavor still needs to confront seriously the issues raised by critics of orientalisms. 相似文献
917.
Each Fall issue of Public Opinion Quarterly 相似文献
918.
Matthew Somerville Timothy Wilson Gary Koch Peter Westfall 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2005,4(1):7-13
We consider the problem of accounting for multiplicity for two correlated endpoints in the comparison of two treatments using weighted hypothesis tests. Various weighted testing procedures are reviewed, and a more powerful method (a variant of the weighted Simes test) is evaluated for the general bivariate normal case and for a particular clinical trial example. Results from these evaluations are summarized and indicate that the weighted methods perform in a manner similar to unweighted methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
919.
920.
After friends and relatives, childminders are the most common form of child care. This paper reports the results from a postal survey of a nationally representative sample of over 1,000 childminders. Results are reported concerning childminders' training and employment histories, working conditions, motivation, commitment and satisfaction with their work. Two groups of childminders emerge; a group where childminding may be a passing phase in their employment career and a group who consider it as a long‐term career. The findings are discussed with reference to the aims of the National Childcare Strategy and the role of Early Years Development and Childcare Partnerships. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献