解码理论在日语听力理解中的运用

在日语学习中,因受语言环境和学习方法的限制,听力被认为是提高日语水平和成绩的一大难关。作者遵循听觉系统中听力的解码理论,以一年一度的国际日本语能力测试题为例,提出并具体分析了提高日语听力的三种模式———预测法、捕捉法和贯穿法,并指出运用这些技巧时应注意的几个问题。期望学习者能克服心理障碍,讲究科学的方法,把这些模式积极运用到平时的训练和测试中去,以此来提高日语听力水平和成绩。     

Evaluating DISCOVER's Effectiveness in Enhancing College Students' Social Cognitive Career Development

College students (20 women, 14 men) seeking career counseling services at a university career center participated in this exploratory investigation. A 2 (DISCOVER treatment) × 2 (counseling treatment) research design was used to evaluate the individual and combined effects of DISCOVER (ACT, 1998) and counseling on participants' career decision‐making self‐efficacy and career decision‐making attributional style. Findings revealed a significant effect of the use of DISCOVER on participants' career decision‐making self‐efficacy and their sense of control over the career decision‐making process. Results are discussed regarding the implications for career counseling and ideas for further research in this domain.     

Residual analysis for spatial point processes (with discussion)

Summary.  We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and we propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, kernel smoothed intensity and Berman's diagnostic) are recovered as special cases. Diagnostic tools are developed systematically, by using an analogy between our spatial residuals and the usual residuals for (non-spatial) generalized linear models. The conditional intensity λ plays the role of the mean response. This makes it possible to adapt existing knowledge about model validation for generalized linear models to the spatial point process context, giving recommendations for diagnostic plots. A plot of smoothed residuals against spatial location, or against a spatial covariate, is effective in diagnosing spatial trend or co-variate effects. Q – Q -plots of the residuals are effective in diagnosing interpoint interaction.     

Benchmark Analysis: Shopping with Proper Confidence

We discuss the issue of using benchmark doses for quantifying (excess) risk associated with exposure to environmental hazards. The paradigm of low-dose risk estimation in dose-response modeling is used as the primary application scenario. Emphasis is placed on making simultaneous inferences on benchmark doses when data are in the form of proportions, although the concepts translate easily to other forms of outcome data.     

西部高校发展对策研究

本文针对西部高校的自身情况 ,提出了西部高校优先选择量的增长发展模式 ,并对西部高校的发展与改革提出了若干措施。     

《围城》与《四世同堂》讽刺艺术之比较

<围城>与<四世同堂>是在讽刺艺术方面取得卓越成就的优秀之作.两部作品在讽刺视角、讽刺形象的塑造、讽刺哲理思索等方面均有不同之处,在讽刺艺术内在指向上也存在差异.     

做好高校教学秘书工作四要素

高校教学秘书主要从事高校教学管理。教学管理工作做得好坏直接影响到高校的发展 ,直接影响到人才培养的质量 ,影响到整个教学秩序的稳定。教学管理是高校各项管理中的重中之重 ,因此 ,高校教学秘书肩负重任 ,本文就如何做好教学秘书工作提出四点要素。     

加窗技术的改进证书吊销机制

分析了现有证书吊销机制在灵活性、可升级性和及时性中的缺陷,针对现有新型证书吊销机制,提出了一种结合加窗证书吊销和增量CRL机制的证书吊销机制。该机制结合传统CRL机制和在线证书状态机制的优点,既能满足不同的安全需求,又能有效减少资源开销,满足验证者的实时性证书验证请求。     

反思叛逆,企盼理性——《失乐园》主题探微

弥尔顿诗作《失乐园》的主题是复式开放性的 ,历来众说纷纭。本文从历史、宗教和人性的角度 ,重新审视它的主题 ,认为反思叛逆、企盼理性正是诗人在《失乐园》创作中力图体现的深刻主题。     

解决我国农业剩余劳动力就业问题的思路

农业剩余劳动力的就业问题 ,是我国经济中的一个重要问题。要解决好这一问题 ,就需要制定引导农业劳动力转移的战略 ,多方寻求劳动力转移的途径 ,努力提高农业劳动力素质 ,建立健全劳动力市场 ,营造有利于农业剩余劳动力就业的制度环境 ,控制人口过快增长