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251.
The occurrence of stockouts remains an unsolved problem for retailers that provoke severe revenue and image losses, as well as greater customer dissatisfaction for both retailers and manufacturers. A literature review suggests a model of influential antecedents of consumers’ reactions to product unavailability. A field study then provides insights into true stockout situations, unlike a hypothetical research setting. With these data, this study reveals that loyalty and the presence of product alternatives have the greatest impacts on customer reactions. This result has significant theoretical and managerial implications due to the fact that results based on hypothetical settings did not hold. 相似文献
252.
After a long period when the treatment of major mental illness was under the decisive influence of the biological revolution
in psychiatry, there are now growing signs of a revival of the role of psychotherapy in understanding the lived experience
of psychotic disorders. Despite increased attention to the subjective world of persons afflicted with severe mental illness,
considerably less has been written about the devastating effects of a loss of reality on memory and meaning and about the
especially complex ordeals facing therapists who enter into long-term relationships with clients cut off from the past and
the future. The ensuing quest for meaning amid the breakdown of memory is the focus of this paper. 相似文献
253.
Roland W. B. Blonk Veerle Brenninkmeijer Suzanne E. Lagerveld Irene L. D. Houtman 《Work and stress》2006,20(2):129-144
We investigated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and a combined intervention of workplace- and individual-focused techniques among self-employed people on sick leave owing to work-related psychological complaints (such as anxiety, depression, and burnout). Both interventions were based on CBT; however, one was conducted by psychotherapists and involved extensive CBT, while the other was delivered by “labour experts” and consisted of a brief CBT-derived intervention combined with both individual-focused and workplace interventions. One hundred and twenty-two self-employed people who had applied for sickness benefit from an insurance company enrolled in a randomized controlled design. These individuals were assessed before the intervention and then at 4 months and 10 months after the onset of the intervention. The outcome was assessed based on duration of sick leave until partial and full return to work and on psychological complaints. Significant effects on partial and full return were found in favour of the combined intervention: partial return occurred 17 and 30 days earlier in this group than in the CBT group and the control group, respectively. For full return to work, the difference was approximately 200 days. A decrease in psychological complaints was present in each condition but we found no significant interaction effects. The results suggest that work resumption should be addressed earlier in individuals receiving CBT. This insight is of value for the (scarce) literature concerning interventions for individuals who are on sick leave owing to work-related psychological complaints. 相似文献
254.
In Germany, processes can be observed that have long been out of keeping with the principle of equality of opportunity. Unemployment
is concentrated in the structurally weak peripheral areas, in Eastern Germany in particular; emigration of young and better-educated
people to the West is not diminishing, but contrary to expectation is again on the increase; aging processes have set in already,
and when it comes to the provision of infrastructure, e.g. in the field of professional training, some regions are already
suffering from considerable problems. These difficulties are frequently interpreted as differences between East and West and
are explained away as problems resulting from reunification, such as the deindustrialization and restructuring of the economy
and the enormous decline in the birth rate in Eastern Germany. Although these problems cannot just be attributed to social
transformation and the birth rate crisis alone, being subject to more general processes of intensified globalization and the
aging of society, the increasing regional disparities are rarely considered in the overall context of regional development
patterns throughout Germany.
Moreover, the difficulty of even obtaining data for purposes of comparison generally means that an international yardstick
is lacking when regional developments are analyzed. The present study investigates regional disparities over a period of time
in the light of subjective and objective indicators of the quality of life for individuals. To this end, we make use of data
from the Wohlfahrtssurvey [Welfare Survey] from 1978 to 2001, among other sources. On the basis of the Euromodule that has
been established at the WZB, we compare current regional patterns in Germany with those in other European countries. This
approach makes it possible to provide information on the scale of regional disparities in various different countries, and
to identify privileged and handicapped regions with reference to standards of living and the sense of wellbeing. The study’s
findings show that, in the past 25 years, welfare in Western Germany has evened out at a higher level, but currently a trend
towards increasing economic disparity is discernible. In comparison with other European countries, on the other hand, the
differences (regional differences) within Germany are comparatively slight. 相似文献
255.
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257.
Habermas focuses on the human communication process with understanding in mind. Here it is argued that this perspective is also worth to be considered for the field of public relations research. The article points out how to apply Habermas’ concept of understanding for the purposes of evaluation as well as for the purposes of planning public relations communication. 相似文献
258.
Soil contaminated with heavy metals is a salient example of environmental risk. Consumption of vegetables cultivated in contaminated soil or direct ingestion of soil by small children can damage health. In contrast to other kinds of pollution or risks such as air pollution or exposure to ozone, the individual risk concerning soil contamination is highly dependent on the way one is exposed to the local source of risk. Thus, we wanted to know if risk perception varies according to the level of exposure. A quasi-experimental, questionnaire-based study was conducted in a community in northwest Switzerland, where the soil is widely contaminated. The level of contamination varies with the distance from the source of the contamination, a metal processing plant. We investigated the perception of risk of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by inhabitants with high-exposure levels (N= 27) and those with low-exposure levels (N= 30). Both groups judged the risk for oneself similarly whereas the low-exposure group, when compared to the high-exposure group, judged perceived risk for other affected people living in their community to be higher. Besides this exposure effect, risk perception was mainly determined by emotional concerns. Participants with higher scores in self-estimated knowledge tended to provide low-risk judgments, were less interested in further information, showed low emotional concern, and thus displayed high risk acceptance. In contrast, actual knowledge showed no correlation with any of theses variables. Judgments on the need for decontamination are determined by risk perception, less application of dissonance-reducing heuristics and commitment to sustainability. The desire for additional information is not affected by missing knowledge but is affected by emotional concerns. 相似文献
259.
260.
Tobias Voigt Roland Fried Wolfgang Rhode Fabian Temme 《Journal of applied statistics》2016,43(7):1186-1197
We introduce a new way to construct variables for classification in a setting of astronomy. The newly constructed variables complement the currently used Hillas parameters and are specifically designed to improve the classification. They are based on fitting elliptic or skewed bivariate distributions to images gathered by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes and evaluating the distance between the observed and the fitted distribution. As distance measures we use the Chi-square distance, the Kullback–Leibler divergence and the Hellinger distance. The new variables lead to an improved classification in terms of misclassification errors. 相似文献