Principles and Practice of Urban Planning,Edited by William I. Goodman and Eric C. Freund. Washington,D. C.: International City Managers' Assoc., 1968. 621 pp. $12.50 Hardbound

This article identifies and discusses a series of interrelated pragmatic steps that can be employed by schools interested in improving their curricula by including relevant minority content. Identification of general principles, supporting rationales, and manipulable, extrinsic organizational rewards are presented as necessary building blocks for designing an Alternate Incentive Network. The function of the network is to encourage faculty involvement in developing and teaching minority content within the framework of existing or new courses.     

The effect of a college sexual assault prevention program on first-year students' victimization rates

OBJECTIVE: Although a variety of sexual assault prevention programs are currently available to college health professionals, there is a dearth of information about the effect of these programs on sexual assault victimization rates. PARTICIPANTS: The authors evaluated the efficacy of a sexual assault prevention program for first-year students at a college in the Northeast (N = 1,982). METHODS: They used a retrospective cohort design and assessed the prevalence of sexual assault victimization among students exposed to the sexual assault prevention program and students 1 year their senior who were not exposed. RESULTS: Students who had no exposure were more likely to report that they were sexually assaulted during their first year of college (odds ratio = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [1.32-2.29]). Results suggest that the program was effective for males and females, but not for students with a prior history of sexual assault victimization. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual students were at increased risk for victimization as compared with heterosexual students, and students who drank alcohol or engaged in binge drinking were at increased risk as compared with alcohol abstinent students. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that this program had a positive effect on victimization rates for certain sub-groups of students.     

Social Group Work Models

Life-transition group counseling is described as a highly effective crisis intervention modality that is becoming an important part of social work practice. Students can learn this method in the first year Human Behavior and the Social Environment course through emphasis on developmental and accidental transition points in the life cycle. Students also are given practical guidelines for initiating intervention groups in different fieldwork settings, based on crisis intervention theory and on currently evolving practice models. Students are encouraged to write term papers about certain life transitions as a way of acquiring the necessary knowledge for this new social work method.     

Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Benzene in Humans: A Bayesian Approach

Benzene is myelotoxic and leukemogenic in humans exposed at high doses (>1 ppm, more definitely above 10 ppm) for extended periods. However, leukemia risks at lower exposures are uncertain. Benzene occurs widely in the work environment and also indoor air, but mostly below 1 ppm, so assessing the leukemia risks at these low concentrations is important. Here, we describe a human physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that quantifies tissue doses of benzene and its key metabolites, benzene oxide, phenol, and hydroquinone after inhalation and oral exposures. The model was integrated into a statistical framework that acknowledges sources of variation due to inherent intra- and interindividual variation, measurement error, and other data collection issues. A primary contribution of this work is the estimation of population distributions of key PBPK model parameters. We hypothesized that observed interindividual variability in the dosimetry of benzene and its metabolites resulted primarily from known or estimated variability in key metabolic parameters and that a statistical PBPK model that explicitly included variability in only those metabolic parameters would sufficiently describe the observed variability. We then identified parameter distributions for the PBPK model to characterize observed variability through the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis applied to two data sets. The identified parameter distributions described most of the observed variability, but variability in physiological parameters such as organ weights may also be helpful to faithfully predict the observed human-population variability in benzene dosimetry.     

A Measure of the Ability to Identify Emotion in Children's Tone of Voice

This paper introduces a test of the ability to decode emotion of varying intensity in the voices of children. Construction of the measure, the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Child Paralanguage (DANVA2-CP), is described. An initial study using elementary-school-aged children found that accuracy scores increased with age, were internally consistent, and were correlated, as expected, with indices of personality and social competence. Data from 20 additional studies, using participants from across the age range, provided further evidence of construct validity for the DANVA2-CP. Based on the results, it was concluded that the DANVA2-CP may be an appropriate measure of the ability to identify emotion in children's paralinguistic presentations.     

Licensure as a Dilemma for Social Work Education: Findings of a National Study

Abstract

This paper reports on the first national survey to study the perceptions of MSW social work faculty of the relationship between licensing examinations and social work education. A non-random sample of 242 faculty from 39 systematically selected accredited schools from all states with licensure responded. The questionnaire focused on the impact of the national licensure examination on teaching, curriculum, and students. Among the major findings was that students are perceived as regarding the licensure exam as important to the profession and significant to their future. Faculty, however, only take the examination into consideration in the advisement process. Generally, they are unfamiliar with the examination's content, and they disregard it in curriculum development and in teaching.     

Have you really come a long way? women’s access to power in the United States

Although vast social and political changes over the past decades have opened many opportunities for women, many activists and academics maintain that women continue to face significant barriers to entry into positions of power and influence. The vast majority of American leaders are white and male, but the representation of women in the professions has begun to rise as more and more women enter the leadership ranks of various professions. This article provides a profile of women who currently hold positions of power in the United States—who they are, what sectors they represent, and how their opinions on social and political issues compare and contrast with one another. Analyzing data from the Study of Leadership Characteristics, a recently completed national survey of American elites, this article examines the structure and gender composition of elites in the United States, revealing patterns of both conflict and consensus among women elites.