A behavioral portfolio approach to multiple job holdings

In this paper we present an alternative explanation of multiple job holdings. It is based on a behavioral portfolio approach using prospect theory. Multiple job holdings is often a result of economic hardship but also because of peer comparisons. Workers may decide to take on a risky job like self-employment and engage into new ventures but also hold on to a safe employment in order to stay as close as possible to their reference level. While multiple job holdings might be the case for some, many others might decide to keep on working only at a safe job and do not engage into new risky ventures. This paper presents a behavioral economics model to explain such decisions. We find that the decision to hold multiple jobs depends on the degree of loss aversion, the value of the reference level and on the expected return in the risky venture. The worker will not seek for a risky job if she has an income reference level equal to what she can earn from a safe job. At any other reference level, the worker will seek new ventures provided she is compensated with a higher expected wage and is sufficiently loss averse.     

Drivers and Performance Outcomes of Supplier Innovation Generation in Customer–Supplier Relationships: The Role of Power‐Dependence

While innovations generated by supply channel relationships, as opposed to individual partners, play an increasingly important role in the success of all supply chain partners, there has been a dearth of research in the literature on how supply chain relationships cultivate the process of such innovation generation. We explore supplier market knowledge acquisition, relationship learning, systems collaboration, and technological uncertainty as antecedents of supplier innovation generation, which is in turn hypothesized to positively affect the relationship performance of the supplier. Furthermore, supplier dependence on the buyer is investigated as a moderator of the effects of such antecedents on supplier innovation generation. Empirical tests, which used a sample of 236 Taiwanese executives, supported most of the hypotheses, and some implications of the results are discussed.     

CLASH OF CAREER AND FAMILY: FERTILITY DECISIONS AFTER JOB DISPLACEMENT

In this paper we investigate how career considerations may affect fertility decisions in the presence of a temporary employment shock. We compare the birth rates of women displaced by a plant closure with those of women unaffected by job loss after establishing the pre‐displacement comparability of these groups. Our results reveal that job displacement reduces average fertility by 5%–10%, and that these effects are largely explained by the response of women in more skilled occupations. We offer an explanation of our results based on career interruptions of women.     

Addressing self-selection effects in evaluations of mutual help groups and professional mental health services: An introduction to two-stage sample selection models

Because random assignment to conditions is often neither possible nor desirable in longitudinal evaluations of mutual help organizations, the influence of self-selection effects must be assessed in order to accurately interpret outcome data. One approach to adjusting for self-selection effects is to control for covariates that predict outcome using statistical procedures such as analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), partial correlations, and hierarchical regression. This approach has considerable power, but is less useful when an evaluator is interested in directly modeling the process of entry into a program and incorporating information on the factors affecting self-selection into estimation of program effects. Two-stage sample selection models are designed to address such situations. These models rely on regression procedures in which program participation is modeled in an initial equation, which yields a sample selection correction factor. The correction factor is included with participation in a second equation that predicts outcome. This two-stage procedure allows the evaluator to interpret the observed effects of a professional service or a self-help group in the context of the magnitude and direction of selection effects. We compare and contrast the covariate control and sample selection models in a longitudinal study of the effects of participation in Alcoholics Anonymous on drinking behavior.