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221.
Evidence from household surveying in December 2005 in Harare and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, indicates that a wide network of international migrant remitters are ameliorating the economic crisis in Zimbabwe by sending monetary and in-kind transfers to over 50 per cent of urban households. The research combines quantitative measurement of scale and scope, with demographic and qualitative narrative to build a holistic picture of the typography of receiving and non-receiving households. A complex set of interrelated variables helps to explain why some households do and others do not receive income and goods from people who are away, and the economic and social extent of their subsequent benefit from them. Moreover, the mixed methods approach is designed to capture inter-household and likely macroeconomic effects of how households receive their goods and money; and of how they subsequently exchange (if applicable), store and spend it. Evidence emerges of a largely informal, international social welfare system, but one which is not without adverse inter-household effects for some. These include suffering exclusion from markets suffering from inflationary pressures, not least as a result of other people’s remittances. This paper explores the role of remittances, within this internationalised informal welfare system which we can map from our household survey, in reframing vulnerability and marginalization differentially among and between our subject households. 相似文献
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The exchangeability and leachability of metals from select green roof growth substrates 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Batch extraction and leaching studies were conducted with potential green roof substrates (e.g., Axis, Arklayte, coal bottom
ash, Haydite, Lassenite, lava rock, and composted pine bark). The results indicated that these materials would not likely
be sources of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, or Zn and that Lassenite would be considered a source of Mn if the leachate concentrations were
compared to USEPA drinking water standards for these elements. Lassenite would not be a source of Mn if the data was compared
to a USEPA standard for Mn toxicity to aquatic life. All of the substrates tested leached Cd and/or Pb concentrations that
exceeded the USEPA water quality standards at least once during the 6-month leaching study, so these materials may be potential
sources of Cd and Pb in green roof storm water runoff. The leaching of Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn was differentially influenced
by time and/or the presence of a single Sedum hybridum ‘immergrauch’ plant. The leaching of Cd, Cu, and Pb displayed complex, three-way interactions between main effects (substrate
type and the presence or absence of a plant) and between leaching events. For all substrates except Lassenite, the presence
of a S. hybridum plant decreased the leaching of Pb over time. The leaching of Cd was generally enhanced by plants for most substrates with
time. Collectively the results suggest that changes in the biogeochemical conditions within green roof systems may alter metal
solubility, decreasing the leaching of some elements and increasing the leaching of others. 相似文献
224.
Sarah E. Nelson John H. Kleschinsky Richard A. LaBrie Sara Kaplan Howard J. Shaffer 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):129-144
For more than a decade, casinos around the world have offered self-exclusion programs (SEPs) to gamblers seeking help with
their gambling behavior. Despite the proliferation of SEPs, little is known about the long-term outcomes for gamblers who
utilize these programs. The current study assessed the experiences of a sample (N = 113) of Missouri self-excluders (SEs) for as long as 10 years after their initial enrollment in the Missouri Voluntary
Exclusion Program (MVEP). Most SEs had positive experiences with MVEP and reduced their gambling and gambling problems after
enrollment. However, 50% of SEs who attempted to trespass at Missouri casinos after enrollment were able to, indicating that
the benefit of MVEP was attributable more to the act of enrollment than enforcement. SEs who engaged in complementary treatment
or self-help groups had more positive outcomes than those who did not, suggesting that SEPs ought to encourage and provide
information about additional support and treatment options to participants. 相似文献
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Sarah B. Garlington 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2014,23(3):287-295
Substantial literature exists around the variation of welfare policy development in liberal democracies. The contrast of the American welfare state to those in Europe has sparked significant analytical literature about which factors are most significant in the variation. The literature extensively examines many of these factors but has neglected the significance of social values. This article discusses values and policy development as a foundation for further studies linking specific values to policy and institutional development. First, I discuss theorists who have identified value orientation as significant to welfare state variation; second, I review the major comparative welfare state literature. Finally, I discuss the major variation categories through the lens of social values by identifying the significant value orientation of sample policy structures. Comparative welfare state literature benefits from elucidating the values orientation of welfare policies that define the welfare state typological categories. Including the role of social values in welfare state comparisons promotes greater understanding of the origins and trajectory of current policy. Key Practitioner Message: ● Increase understanding of welfare state variation factors; ● Frame questions about social values reflected in social policy. 相似文献
229.
Zina Kally Sarah D. Cote Jorge Gonzalez Monica Villarruel Debra L. Cherry Susan Howland 《Journal of gerontological social work》2014,57(6-7):681-693
This article reports on the impact of the Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) on English-speaking caregivers of Hispanic, Black/African American, and Asian/Pacific Islander descent. Caregivers completed a questionnaire prior to study enrollment, at 6 and 12 months postenrollment. Caregivers in all 3 ethnic groups showed more caregiver competence, reduced depression, greater tolerance for care recipients’ memory problems, better management of their overall situation, and improved perception of that situation 6 months and 12 months post-enrollment. The study demonstrates that in the sample studied the SCP was as effective in helping ethnically diverse caregivers as it has shown to be with Caucasian caregivers. 相似文献
230.
Ruiz S Urdapilleta O Clark-Shirley LJ Howard J Poey J 《Journal of gerontological social work》2012,55(2):126-145
This article explores how rebalancing efforts can support the needs of individuals aging with a lifelong disability. The National Balancing Indicator project examined the overall long-term supports and services system (LTSS) progress in five indicators within the Sustainability, Coordination and Transparency, and Prevention principles toward a balanced LTSS system for those aging with a lifelong disability. In assessing state efforts to create a balanced participant-directed LTSS system with the National Balancing Indicators, the findings suggest states are better equipping the system to handle a burgeoning population of individuals aging with a lifelong disability, but more progress is still needed. Overall, states need to continue to create a seamless system that allows individuals with lifelong disabilities to transition smoothly through the life course. 相似文献