对《非市场服务产出核算理论与方法》评介

国民经济核算理论研究与统计实践中急需研究解决的重要问题之一是非市场服务产出核算的范围和非市场服务产出核算方法。东北财经大学蒋萍教授主持完成的国家社会科学基金项目《非市场服务产出核算理论与方法》(项目编号 0 1BTJ0 0 8)对国际上关于非市场服务产出核算的最新动态及其对中国的借鉴意义、非市场服务产出核算制度对整个国民经济总量估计会产生怎样的影响等 ,作了全面介绍和深入研究。我有幸被邀为该课题成果书写鉴定意见 ,因而有机会先人一步 ,细研结题报告 ① ,感到很有收获。为了推进国家国民经济核算制度的修订 ,准确评估国…     

关于统计学的性质与发展问题

一、对统计学学科性质的基本认识　　“什么是统计学 ,怎样发展统计学”在我国统计学界是一个有争议的问题。统计学者对统计学的性质问题历来众说纷纭 ,远在 1 869年的第七次国际统计会议上 ,在讨论关于统计学的定义时 ,据说竟有 1 80余种之多。对于学科性质的理解既是学术问题 ,也有思想认识问题 ,只能通过研讨和交流来加深理解 ,以达到提高认识、促进学科健康发展的目的。笔者的基本观点是 :既不赞成统计学属于数学范畴 ,也不赞成统计学属于经济学范畴 ,更不赞成“社会经济统计学”与“数理统计学”分立的观点。我推崇“大统计”思想 ,认…     

Gender differences in retirement decisions in Hong Kong

The study of labor force participation at older ages and the process of retirement do not have a long tradition in Asia's newly developed societies. This study, based on telephone survey of 950 respondents, examines various socio-economic factors that would influence retirement decision among older workers in Hong Kong. The findings show that older men were more likely to participate in the labor force than older women. Interestingly, older workers, in particular older women, with pension were less likely to retire. Having a working spouse decreased the likelihood of retirement and older workers, in particular older women, living with married children were more likely to retire. Poor health also discourages the propensity to continue working at old age. These findings confirm that retirement entails much more than just a decision to stop work, and that there were gender differences in retirement decision. Finally, several policy challenges, with reference to elderly women, concerning older workers' labor force participation were discussed.     

Women and retirement planning: towards the "feminization of poverty" in an aging Hong Kong

Hong Kong's population is aging but retirement research is largely missing from the research agenda in Hong Kong. This study, based on a telephone survey of 1,078 respondents, examines middle-aged adult's retirement planning activities in Hong Kong. The findings show men are more likely to be involved in financial planning, while women are more likely to take part in some forms of health, living arrangement and psychological planning for retirement. Further, there are age, education and income differences in the various forms of retirement planning activities within genders. Women are living longer; because of their lack of financial retirement planning, they are prime candidates for poverty. The discussion concludes with policy implications related to assisting midlife individuals, in particular women, in planning for retirement.     

The economic marginality of ethnic minorities: an analysis of ethnic income inequality in Singapore

This paper examines ethnic income inequality in Singapore from the perspectives of labour‐market segmentation and human capital. The findings of this study show that neither perspective is useful in explaining ethnic income inequality in Singapore. Further, the analysis shows that educational differences among the Chinese, Indians and Malays account for very little of the income gap. Much of the income difference is due to discrimination. The source of this discrimination lies in the segregation of ethnic minorities in lower‐paying jobs and occupations across all industries, reflecting Chinese domination in the economic and political spheres.     

Stress demands on school administrators in Singapore

This study investigated the use of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) on school administrators in Singapore. The sample of 223 school administrators consisted of the top management group of principals and vice-principals and the middle management group of heads of department. The school administrators reported pressure at work, and consequently, higher levels of mental and physical ill health. They had high locus of control scores, indicating low internal control over their environment. However, they also reported greater use of coping strategies and higher job satisfaction. Psychometrically, the sub-scales of sources of pressure, job satisfaction, and mental and physical ill health were found to be reliable. The items of the scales of type A, locus of control and coping skills had to be re-factor analysed for the Singaporean sample. The new factors were found to have higher reliability. When the stress and job satisfaction levels of the principals/vice-principals and heads of department were compared, the heads of department reported significantly less job satisfaction and higher levels of mental and physical ill health. They perceived less internal control in their work situation.     

高校国际化人才培养的政府监管

本文以世界最主要的教育强国英国、美国、法国、德国为例,分析政府在高校国际化人才培养的教育监管中的经验,探索我国在国际化人才培养的政府监管方面的发展趋势,以期保证我国高等教育国际化人才培养工作的健康发展,提高人才培养的质量和效率。     

Court processes and orders for positive outcomes

ABSTRACT

This commentary is an excerpt of the presentation made by the author at SSR-NAI conference on Innovative Approaches in the Rehabilitation of Offenders. The commentary sets out the key differences between traditional court processes and orders, and those that are aimed at rehabilitation and problem-solving. It describes two initiatives that the Courts in Singapore have implemented over the past few years to help spur, steer and support change in offenders: post-sentencing judicial monitoring and our pre-sentencing protocol for selected offenders and offences.     

论加强需求管理——对当前宏观经济形势的认识及其调控建议

１９９７年下半年开始,我国经济明显出现了居民消费需求不足,或者说,出现了供给相对过剩的发展态势。至１９９８年１２月已连续１５个月物价指数同比负增长,１９９８年商品零售价格下降２．６％,居民消费价格下降０．８％,可以认为这又是通货紧缩的重要征兆。出现需...     

名牌--品牌之王

名牌是品牌的升级,只有质量优异、服务上乘,具有高知名度、高信誉度、高市场占有率和厚实的文化底蕴,并获得公众普遍认同,能在社会上久盛不衰的产品,才能成为名牌。名牌具有产生市场、为企业创造财富、提升企业竞争能力以及美化生活等效应。所以,名牌已成为品牌之王。创建名牌后如何维护名牌、扩大名牌,大约有这样几个方面:应视质量是名牌的生命,开拓大众化市场,以创新应求新,给产品以好的名称,并给予艺术美的设计。