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151.
Service robotics: do you know your new companion? Framing an interdisciplinary technology assessment
Decker M Dillmann R Dreier T Fischer M Gutmann M Ott I Spiecker Genannt D?hmann I 《Poiesis & praxis》2011,8(1):25-44
Service-Robotic—mainly defined as “non-industrial robotics”—is identified as the next economical success story to be expected
after robots have been ubiquitously implemented into industrial production lines. Under the heading of service-robotic, we
found a widespread area of applications reaching from robotics in agriculture and in the public transportation system to service
robots applied in private homes. We propose for our interdisciplinary perspective of technology assessment to take the human
user/worker as common focus. In some cases, the user/worker is the effective subject acting by means of and in cooperation
with a service robot; in other cases, the user/worker might become a pure object of the respective robotic system, for example,
as a patient in a hospital. In this paper, we present a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework, which allows us to scrutinize
some of the most relevant applications of service robotics; we propose to combine technical, economical, legal, philosophical/ethical,
and psychological perspectives in order to design a thorough and comprehensive expert-based technology assessment. This allows
us to understand the potentials as well as the limits and even the threats connected with the ongoing and the planned implementation
of service robots into human lifeworld—particularly of those technical systems displaying increasing grades of autonomy. 相似文献
152.
153.
Kazuo Nakamura Masako Nakamura Tadao Matsumoto Yosiaki It? 《Researches on Population Ecology》1975,16(2):198-206
Summary Population densities of the three grasshopper species onMiscanthus sinensis grassland in the Kawatabi IBP Area, Japan,Parapleurus alliaceus, Mongolotettix japonicus andChorthippus latipennis, were estimated principally by the release-and-recapture method for five years from 1968 to 1972.
The total number of individuals of all three grasshopper species was about 42 per 100m2 in August. The number of individuals ofP. alliaceus adult, the dominant species on this grassland, showed a tendency to decline during the five years, though the amplitude was
not so large. The number of eggs laid was, however, nearly constant and the mortality from the second nymphal instar to adult
was relatively low and constant during the survey period. The weather conditions during the periods of egg and the first instar,
such as snowfall and temperature decreasing, are suggested to be one of the factors causing variation in numbers.
Contributions from JIBP-CT No. 145. A part of this study was supported by the special project, “Studies on the dynamic status
of biosphere”, sponsored by the Ministry of Education. 相似文献
154.
Georgios?FlorosEmail author Anna?Paradisioti Michalis?Hadjimarcou Demetrios?G.?Mappouras Olga?Karkanioti Konstantinos?Siomos 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2015,31(2):367-384
This paper presents results from the study of gambling behaviors in a representative sample of Cypriot high-school students. The aim of the study was to ascertain epidemiology of adolescent online gambling in Cyprus and possible correlates. The sample consisted of 2,684 students (48.5 % boys, 51.5 % girls) from the first grades of junior (Gymnasium) and senior (Lyceum) high school. Our results indicate that gamblers presented with lower school achievement and related expectations while scoring consistently higher on measures of Internet addiction, parental bonding and psychopathology. Discriminant analysis revealed two profiles which explained the most variance in gambling behavior; the first profile that corresponded to more explained variance was the student with higher psychopathology, less prosocial behavior, higher Internet addiction score with higher frequencies of online activities and moderate levels of truancy and lower expectation of school achievement. The second profile was that of a student who reported less psychopathology, more prosocial behavior, less involvement with the Internet in general but skipped classes more and his prospects on finishing high school were even slimmer. These results will be utilized in the design of a comprehensive prevention program in an effort to combat online addictive behaviors. 相似文献
155.
Alessandra?AlberghettiEmail author Patricia?A.?Collins 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2015,31(2):343-358
The proliferation of gambling opportunities in Canada, coupled with an aging population, has led to an increased prevalence of gambling among older adults. Encouraged by this trend, gambling industries have modified their activities to attract and market to this group. Yet, older adults are not a homogeneous group. The life experiences, values, and attitudes shared by generations make a cohort-specific analysis of gambling among older adults a worthwhile pursuit. Drawing from the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 85(4):756–767, 2003), we discuss the role of passion in shaping gambling behaviours, and the implications of a harmonious or obsessive passion on the benefits and risks to two distinct generations of older adults. Based on their generational attributes, we posit that members of the Silent Generation (those born between 1925 and 1942) stand to gain more from the benefits of recreational gambling, but also stand lose more from problem gambling, than their children’s generation, the Baby Boomers (those born between 1942 and 1964). Preventative strategies to assist problem gambling seniors, along with recommendations for further research, are discussed. 相似文献
156.
157.
Meghan?L.?AvolioEmail author Diane?E.?Pataki Stephanie?Pincetl Thomas?W.?Gillespie G.?Darrel?Jenerette Heather?R.?McCarthy 《Urban Ecosystems》2015,18(1):73-86
Urban plant biodiversity is influenced by both the physical environment and attitudes and preferences of urban residents for specific plant types. Urban residents are assumed to be disconnected from their immediate environment, and cultural and societal factors have been emphasized over environmental factors in studies of landscaping choices. However, we postulate that local climatic and environmental factors can also affect preferences for plant attributes. Therefore, spatial and temporal patterns in urban tree biodiversity may be driven not only by the direct effect of environmental variables on plant function, but also by the effect of environmental variables on attitudes toward trees and associated choices about which types of trees to plant. Here, we tested the relative effects of socio-economic and local environmental factors on preferences toward tree attributes in five counties in southern California in and surrounding Los Angeles, based on 1,029 household surveys. We found that local environmental factors have as strong an effect on preferences for tree attributes as socio-economic factors. Specifically, people located in hotter climates (average maximum temperature 25.1 °C) were more likely to value shade trees than those located in cooler regions (23.1 °C). Additionally, people located in desert areas were less likely to consider trees to be important in their city compared with people located in naturally forested areas. Overall, our research demonstrates the inherent connections between local environmental factors and perceptions of nature, even in large modern cities. Accounting for these factors can contribute to the growing interest in understanding patterns of urban biodiversity. 相似文献
158.
Dolores?PushkarEmail author Dorothea?Bye Michael?Conway Carsten?Wrosch June?Chaikelson Jamshid?Etezadi Constantina?Giannopoulos Karen?Li Nassim?Tabri 《Social indicators research》2014,118(1):285-303
Inconsistencies in comparisons of older parents’ well-being with that of older, childless adults may be resolved by considering the separate effects of sons and daughters on parents. The hypothesis was that older parents of only daughters have greater life satisfaction, more satisfying relations with their children, more intimate family relations, and greater social support satisfaction compared to older childless adults and parents of only sons. Childless older adults were predicted to have more intimate friends. The effect of having both sons and daughters was also explored. Longitudinal results indicated parents had greater life satisfaction than childless adults, and parents of daughters were more satisfied with relations with their children than parents of only sons. Childless adults had more relations with friends and fewer family intimate relations. Neither social support satisfaction or affect varied across groups. The findings are related to gender socialization, social support, and normative expectations. 相似文献
159.
Paul?Dolan Georgios?KavetsosEmail author Ivo?Vlaev 《Social indicators research》2014,119(3):1363-1377
This study tests for causality from exercise and physical activity to life satisfaction (LS) by applying an instrumental variable approach with the respondents’ perceived benefits of exercise participation as instruments. Using data across 25 countries from the Eurobarometer survey, our results confirm the positive association between exercise and LS. In terms of causality, the results indicate that being active increases LS for both gender, though more for men than women. One main reason for this relationship is that exercise is perceived as being pleasurable, something that policy-makers should keep in mind when designing programmes to get us off the sofa. 相似文献
160.
Individual and Household Values of Mortality Reductions with Intrahousehold Bargaining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I derive alternative measures of maximum willingness to pay (WTP) and value of statistical life (VSL) for selfish members of two-person households who bargain efficiently over consumption of individual and household goods. There is then no systematic bias in letting one member conduct the valuation on behalf of the household. Public-good VSL may exceed private-good VSL when each member attaches (selfish) preferences to survival of the spouse, and to any income from a surviving spouse in period 2. When period 2 is a retirement period and household members’ incomes are fixed, interview surveys tend to overvalue VSL due to ignored negative effects of own survival on private of public pension budgets.JEL Classification: I12, G22, J17 相似文献