从社会保障到社会保护:社会政策理念的演进

20世纪90年代以后,在国际劳工组织、世界银行等国际组织推动下,“社会保护”逐渐成为国际上与社会经济发展相联系的一个重要议题.“社会保护”是在社会保障的内涵和外延不断扩张、实现手段不断丰富的背景下提出的,社会保障是社会保护的核心内容,但是社会保护更具包容性、开放性和可操作性.相比沿用已久的社会保障概念形成的思维定式,社会保护容纳了社会服务、职业培训、就业服务等更多具体项目和实现手段,在指导国家层面的社会保障标准制定以及扩大社会保障覆盖面方面具有重要的意义,从社会保障到社会保护,也体现了社会政策理念的一种转变.     

认知视角下汉语“师傅”一词的追根溯源

实际使用中的语言经历着一个约定俗成的过程,汉语＂师傅＂一词也不例外。结合词汇语用学和认知语言学的相关知识,＂师傅＂一词多个含义引发了我们进一步思考：＂师傅＂一词的约定俗成经历了怎样一个语用认知过程？语言符号＂师傅＂如何从自身的任意性演变为被人们赋予一定的语义进而成为人们口耳相传的在特定语境中表达特定含义的词语？文章通过讲述＂师傅＂一词的语义演变引发一词多义、语用扩充、语用收窄、宽式推论等概念的关系,探讨、解读＂师傅＂一词的语用成因,进而为认知语言学的体验性认知提供另一语言实例。     

East Asian Newly Industrializing Countries: Economic Growth and Quality of Life

The world is much impressed by the rapid economic development of four Asian Tigers – Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. However, it has often been taken for granted by many people that their social development is equally satisfactory. In order to investigate whether this belief is true or not, this paper looks at the levels of social development these countries have attained. Various measures of their quality of life will be assessed. Specifically, poverty, income distribution and environmental degradation are discussed. Despite their economic success, this study has found that most tigers are plagued by problems of poverty, increasing income disparities and environmental degradation. Further, social expenditures of these countries have been too limited to eliminate or impact on these problems.     

From decentralization to integration: the development of social welfare services for disabled veterans in China

China's current social preferential treatment system for disabled veterans began in the war years and has developed during periods of peace. However, there are multiple barriers, such as decentralized cooperation between central and local governments, which prevent the state from providing effective welfare services. The establishment of the Ministry of Veterans Affairs can be seen as an effective attempt to resolve the decentralization of management, similar to relevant legislative work and establishing provincial-level institutions in local governments. This article focuses on how central and local governments attempt to break though the barriers to providing effective welfare services for disabled veterans in China and integrate decentralized responsibility to cooperate in the management system of welfare services for disabled veterans. The integration of welfare services and the rational use of social security as a platform can build a new mechanism of preferential treatment.     

中部地区城市群空间演进的产业机理研究——以湖南省3+5城市群为例

一、前言城市是人口集中和各种生产要素的重要集聚区,是经济辐射的源泉。城市群则是在城市发展过程中先产生以集聚为主的核心城市,再逐渐扩大到集聚与扩散并行发展的两个阶段后形成的基本布局,是促进城市合理分工和产业优化的有效形式。以信息技术为先导的新技术革命和经济全球化进程日益改变着国家和地区社会经济运行的基础,     

探究西部中小城市文化强市路径：以泸州市为例

本文以酒城泸州为研究案例,总结了泸州文化建设的现状、问题、机遇和挑战,提出了文化强市的指导思想、战略定位、发展目标,从文化产业、文化事业、公共文化服务、市民素质、文化人才、文化品牌、城市营销等领域提出发展路径,为西部其他中小城市文化建设提供借鉴。     

Jensen积分不等式的应用

利用Ｊｅｎｓｅｎ积分不等式推导出了若干著名的或新的积分不等式     

协商、周旋、博弈:乡镇治理转型中的减让履行现象分析——以一次征收计划生育抚养费过程为个案

向政策外生育者征收社会抚养费是基层计划生育工作的一项重要内容。本文的小镇政府既要接受上级严格的计划生育工作考核,又要在以人为本和依法行政的要求下,改变过去粗暴的执法方式,实现工作方法的文明化转型。但目前计划生育工作转型尚不成功。一方面,对于依法行政和禁止强制的要求,基层干部心存抱怨;另一方面,征收相对人洞悉并利用时下政府执法方式所受到的限制,并以此视作干部的软肋,与其讨价还价,直至迫使干部因考核压力而不得不妥协,同意并协助相对人减免履行义务。最后的结果是,执法者以大幅度消减义务为条件换取相对人及时履行的承诺,确保形式上执法到位和应对上级考核。计划生育工作的转型困境也体现在乡镇政府转型的过程中,表现为以行政包干为特征的干部考核制度阻碍了基层政府工作方式的转型;基层干部执法观念尚未转变以及部分民众对转型不予配合,也为基层政府转型带来了实质困难。     

Adult and child deprivation in Hong Kong

There is growing interest in the application of Townsend's deprivation approach to provide estimates of poverty that more directly reflect the living standards of those on low income. The consensual approach is applied here using data from the second wave (conducted in 2015–2016) of the Trends and Implications of Social Disadvantages in Hong Kong survey. The article draws on a related study that identifies separate lists of items deemed “necessary for all” by a majority of adults (aged 18 years or older) and children (aged 10–17 years). Those unable to obtain at least three of these items are identified as deprived, and the profile of household deprivation is examined in terms of the family types most affected, age groups, and numbers of children. Further analysis focuses on the disparity between children identified as living in households identified as deprived according to information provided by adults and children whose deprivation status reflects their own views. Finally, the overlaps between deprivation and four measures of poverty—two objective and income based and two subjective and perception based—are examined and discussed. The results indicate that deprivation and poverty are different but that, however it is measured, more needs to be done to address poverty in Hong Kong, including further improvements in the coverage and adequacy of health service provision and social security benefits.