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21.
Burge E Kuhne N Berchtold A Maupetit C von Gunten A 《European review of aging and physical activity》2012,9(1):27-39
The objectives of this study were to describe the different modalities of physical activity programs designed for moderate
to severe dementia and to identify their impact on functional independence in activities of daily living (ADL). A critical
review of randomized controlled trials related to the impact of physical activity programs in moderately to severely demented
persons on ADL performance and meta-analysis of the identified studies were performed. Among the 303 identified articles,
five responded to the selection criteria. Four out of the five studies demonstrated limited methodological quality. In one
high-quality study, physical activity programs significantly delayed deterioration of ADL performance. The program components
and ADL assessment tools vary widely across studies. Although the proposed treatments have not proven their efficiency in
improving the ADL status of the patients, they were able to limit the decline in ADL functioning. Future research is warranted
in order to identify clinically relevant modalities for physical activity programs for people with moderate to severe dementia. 相似文献
22.
Bayesian Networks: With Examples in R. By M. Scutari and J.‐B. Denis Boca Raton,Florida CRC Press. 2014. 241 pages. UK £69.99 (hardback). ISBN 978‐1‐48222‐558‐7
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23.
Janet Boddy June Statham Inge Danielsen Esther Geurts Hélène Join‐Lambert Sévèrine Euillet 《Children & Society》2014,28(2):152-161
In England, placement within the looked after system is not viewed as a desirable long‐term solution for most children, and policy has prioritised continued contact with parents, and swift return home, wherever possible. This review examines policy approaches to work with families of looked after children in England and in three other European countries: Denmark, France and the Netherlands, aiming to identify areas for shared learning in relation to this challenging area of policy and practice. The research highlights relationships between care populations and policy understandings of the purpose of work with families, including understandings of children's and/or parents’ rights. 相似文献
24.
Young children are extremely motivated to help others, but it is not clear whether they do so in anonymous situations without social recognition. In two studies, we found that 18‐month‐old toddlers provided help equally in situations where an adult recipient was present and in situations where an adult recipient was not present. We included several control conditions to rule out that toddlers were simply unaware of their anonymity or were merely motivated to restore the physical order of things. Together, these findings suggest that early in ontogeny children are motivated to help others in need regardless of whether they can immediately be recognized for their prosocial intentions. 相似文献
25.
This work presents a study about the smoothness attained by the methods more frequently used to choose the smoothing parameter in the context of splines: Cross Validation, Generalized Cross Validation, and corrected Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria, implemented with Penalized Least Squares. It is concluded that the amount of smoothness strongly depends on the length of the series and on the type of underlying trend, while the presence of seasonality even though statistically significant is less relevant. The intrinsic variability of the series is not statistically significant and its effect is taken into account only through the smoothing parameter. 相似文献
26.
For estimating an unknown parameter θ, we introduce and motivate the use of balanced loss functions of the form Lr, w, d0(q, d)=wr(d0, d)+ (1-w) r(q, d){L_{\rho, \omega, \delta_0}(\theta, \delta)=\omega \rho(\delta_0, \delta)+ (1-\omega) \rho(\theta, \delta)}, as well as the weighted version q(q) Lr, w, d0(q, d){q(\theta) L_{\rho, \omega, \delta_0}(\theta, \delta)}, where ρ(θ, δ) is an arbitrary loss function, δ
0 is a chosen a priori “target” estimator of q, w ? [0,1){\theta, \omega \in[0,1)}, and q(·) is a positive weight function. we develop Bayesian estimators under Lr, w, d0{L_{\rho, \omega, \delta_0}} with ω > 0 by relating such estimators to Bayesian solutions under Lr, w, d0{L_{\rho, \omega, \delta_0}} with ω = 0. Illustrations are given for various choices of ρ, such as absolute value, entropy, linex, and squared error type losses. Finally, under various robust Bayesian analysis criteria
including posterior regret gamma-minimaxity, conditional gamma-minimaxity, and most stable, we establish explicit connections
between optimal actions derived under balanced and unbalanced losses. 相似文献
27.
Liliane Windsor Rogério M. Pinto Ellen Benoit Lauren Jessell Alexis Jemal 《Journal of social work practice in the addictions》2014,14(4):402-420
Communities with histories of oppression have shown great resilience, yet few health interventions focus on structural oppression as a contributor to health problems in these communities. This article describes the development and active ingredients of Community Wise, a unique behavioral health intervention designed to reduce substance use frequency, related health risk behaviors, and recidivism among individuals with a history of incarceration and substance abuse residing in distressed and predominantly African American communities. Community Wise, developed through the collaborative efforts of a board of service providers, researchers, consumers, and government officials, is a 12-week group intervention that aims to address behavioral health problems by raising critical consciousness in distressed communities. 相似文献
28.
Douglas L. Bessette Lauren A. Mayer Bryan Cwik Martin Vezér Klaus Keller Robert J. Lempert Nancy Tuana 《Risk analysis》2017,37(10):1993-2004
Individuals use values to frame their beliefs and simplify their understanding when confronted with complex and uncertain situations. The high complexity and deep uncertainty involved in climate risk management (CRM) lead to individuals’ values likely being coupled to and contributing to their understanding of specific climate risk factors and management strategies. Most mental model approaches, however, which are commonly used to inform our understanding of people's beliefs, ignore values. In response, we developed a “Values‐informed Mental Model” research approach, or ViMM, to elicit individuals’ values alongside their beliefs and determine which values people use to understand and assess specific climate risk factors and CRM strategies. Our results show that participants consistently used one of three values to frame their understanding of risk factors and CRM strategies in New Orleans: (1) fostering a healthy economy, wealth, and job creation, (2) protecting and promoting healthy ecosystems and biodiversity, and (3) preserving New Orleans’ unique culture, traditions, and historically significant neighborhoods. While the first value frame is common in analyses of CRM strategies, the latter two are often ignored, despite their mirroring commonly accepted pillars of sustainability. Other values like distributive justice and fairness were prioritized differently depending on the risk factor or strategy being discussed. These results suggest that the ViMM method could be a critical first step in CRM decision‐support processes and may encourage adoption of CRM strategies more in line with stakeholders’ values. 相似文献
29.
Prof. Dr. Siegfried Greif Dipl.-Psych. Frank Schmidt Dipl.-Psych. André Thamm 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2012,19(4):375-390
The contribution reviews the state oft the art of the research on general success factors in the coaching process. Research in the field of psychotherapy on basic variables of client centered counseling and general therapeutic change mechanisms set an example. Results of first studies on these and modified factors show that the coaching outcome depends on observed esteem and emotional support by the coach, resource activation and support of transfer into practice. Process analysis of nonverbal interactions between coach and client demonstrate that goal attainment influence goal attainment. Finally, the paper focuses on limitations, of the studies, scientific and practical conclusions as well as future perspectives. 相似文献
30.
Marie‐Pier Vaillancourt‐Morel Natacha Godbout Stéphane Sabourin John Briere Yvan Lussier Marsha Runtz 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2016,42(2):341-356
This study tested a moderation model in which the association between child sexual abuse severity and negative sexual outcomes (i.e., sexual avoidance and compulsivity) differed as a function of relationships status (i.e., single, cohabiting, and married individuals). A sample of 1,033 adults completed self‐report questionnaires online, and 21.5% reported childhood sexual abuse. Path analyses indicated that child sexual abuse severity was associated with higher sexual compulsivity in single individuals, both higher sexual avoidance and compulsivity in cohabiting individuals, and higher sexual avoidance in married individuals. The moderation model was invariant across men and women. These results suggest that the time course of negative sexual outcomes associated with child sexual abuse may follow distinct patterns of expression according to relationship status. 相似文献