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81.
It is a curious contradiction that sociology, a discipline that includes in its subject matter socialization, norms, occupations,
formal organization, the institution of education and the concept of the career does not necessarily prepare its products
in a systematic and coherent manner to become trained professionals. Newly minted Ph.D.s must often learn by trial and error
because we have left them adrift concerning how to conduct themselves as professional sociologists. Moreover, while these
new Ph.D.s are usually trained well as scholarly researchers, many are not prepared for the non-research careers they will
take as sociologists. When this happens, we sociologists, supposedly enlightened about such matters, have failed our students.
This article is divided into two parts. The first is a critique of traditional graduate education in sociology. The second
part plays off these criticisms by offering a coherent plan, consonant with the current and future possibilities for sociologists. 相似文献
82.
With the continuing spread of urban areas, gaining a greater understanding of the effect of human presence on wildlife species
is essential for wildlife managers. We determined the influence of anthropogenic resources on home range size and habitat
selection of raccoons (Procyon lotor) during summer (June–August) 1996–2000 for 120 raccoons at three sites exposed to varying levels of urbanization and anthropogenic
resources, specifically food. Home range estimates were larger (P < 0.05) at the rural site than the suburban and urban sites for both genders. We used compositional analysis to examine raccoon
habitat selection at the second-order home range, second-order core area, and third-order home range scales. Woodland was
consistently a highly-selected habitat type for both sexes at every spatial scale. Relative to other habitat types, habitat
associated with human-related food (human use areas) was selected most often at the urban site, intermediately at the suburban
site, and not selected at the rural site. Spatial scale also affected habitat selection. Human use areas were preferentially
selected at the second- and third-order level at the urban site, third-order level only at the suburban site, and at neither
level at the rural site. Additionally, intersexual differences in habitat selection were reduced at the urban site, with both
sexes preferentially selecting for human use areas as well as woodland habitat. Smaller home ranges in urbanized environments
are often attributed to the abundant and concentrated anthropogenic resources associated with human activity, but with little
empirical support. Our habitat selection analyses followed our predictions that raccoon foraging is strongly influenced by
the artificial distribution and abundance of human-related food. Male and female raccoons in urban areas reduce their foraging
patterns and focus their foraging activity on anthropogenic foods. 相似文献
83.
Social Indicators Research - 相似文献
84.
Stanley P. Y. Fung Chung Keung Poon Feifeng Zheng 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2008,16(3):248-262
We consider the problem of scheduling a set of equal-length intervals arriving online, where each interval is associated with
a weight and the objective is to maximize the total weight of completed intervals. An optimal 4-competitive algorithm has
long been known in the deterministic case, but the randomized case remains open. We give the first randomized algorithm for
this problem, achieving a competitive ratio of 3.5822. We also prove a randomized lower bound of 4/3, which is an improvement
over the previous 5/4 result. Then we show that the techniques can be carried to the deterministic multiprocessor case, giving
a 3.5822-competitive 2-processor algorithm, and a 4/3 lower bound for any number of processors. We also give a lower bound
of 2 for the case of two processors.
A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of COCOON 2007, LNCS, vol. 4598, pp. 176–186.
The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from City University of Hong Kong (SRG 7001969), and NSFC
Grant No. 70525004 and 70702030. 相似文献
85.
Weiping Wang Saini Yang Jianxi Gao Fuyu Hu Wanyi Zhao H. Eugene Stanley 《Risk analysis》2020,40(9):1780-1794
The negative impact of climate change continues to escalate flood risk. Floods directly and indirectly damage highway systems and disturb the socioeconomic order. In this study, we propose an integrated approach to quantitatively assess how floods impact the functioning of a highway system. The approach has three parts: (1) a multi-agent simulation model to represent traffic, heterogeneous user demand, and route choice in a highway network; (2) a flood simulator using future runoff scenarios generated from five global climate models, three representative concentration pathways (RCPs), and the CaMa-Flood model; and (3) an impact analyzer, which superimposes the simulated floods on the highway traffic simulation system, and quantifies the flood impact on a highway system based on car following model. This approach is illustrated with a case study of the Chinese highway network. The results show that (i) for different global climate models, the associated flood damage to a highway system is not linearly correlated with the forcing levels of RCPs, or with future years; (ii) floods in different years have variable impacts on regional connectivity; and (iii) extreme flood impacts can cause huge damages in highway networks; that is, in 2030, the estimated 84.5% of routes between provinces cannot be completed when the highway system is disturbed by a future major flood. These results have critical implications for transport sector policies and can be used to guide highway design and infrastructure protection. The approach can be extended to analyze other networks with spatial vulnerability, and it is an effective quantitative tool for reducing systemic disaster risk. 相似文献
86.
Given a graph, suppose that intruders hide on vertices or along edges of the graph. The fast searching problem is to find
the minimum number of searchers required to capture all the intruders satisfying the constraint that every edge is traversed
exactly once and searchers are not allowed to jump. In this paper, we prove lower bounds on the fast search number. We present
a linear time algorithm to compute the fast search number of Halin graphs and their extensions. We present a quadratic time
algorithm to compute the fast search number of cubic graphs. 相似文献
87.
Stanley B. Winters 《Canadian Slavonic papers》2013,55(3-4):267-282
The paper discusses the gendering of the Lithuanian national movement during its formative stage, 1883–1914. It concentrates on the intelligentsia’s debate on the women’s question, which served as one of the most significant cultural battlegrounds for the national elite, helping to define its own identity and new directions for Lithuanian nationalism. Through the discussion of different marital strategies and women’s roles in national politics as seen by the male intelligentsia, the paper argues that, despite the harsh critique of traditional peasant gender relations, the debate amounted to women’s virtual domestication. For male patriots, the emancipation of Lithuanian women meant, first of all, accepting the role of patriotic wives, i.e., responsibility for the education of children, or the role of nation mothers, which entailed nurturing new members of the community. A few secular and independent women writers were welcomed into nation-building politics but only as junior partners. 相似文献
88.
Stanley Hauerwas 《Journal for Cultural Research》2013,17(2):164-181
Abstract Drawing on the work of Nicholas Boyle, this paper argues that postmodernism represents the intellectual style we should expect as part of developing global capitalist regimes. Accordingly, I argue that postmodernism is not a friend but an enemy to Christianity just to the extent the former tempts us to lose our history. In that respect, the challenge of postmodernism is no different than the challenge of modernity. It becomes the Christian task now to narrate modernity and postmodernity on our own terms rather than those offered by the postmodernists. But for Christianity to be capable of such narration, it must rediscover in its own life the significance of the church which is capable of surviving in a world which is in many ways quite accurately described as postmodern. 相似文献
89.
The Role of Topic Interest in Survey Participation Decisions 总被引:12,自引:7,他引:5
While a low survey response rate may indicate that the riskof nonresponse error is high, we know little about when nonresponsecauses such error and when nonresponse is ignorable. Leverage-saliencetheory of survey participation suggests that when the surveytopic is a factor in the decision to participate, noncooperationwill cause nonresponse error. We test three hypotheses derivedfrom the theory: (1) those faced with a survey request on atopic of interest to them cooperate at higher rates than dothose less interested in the topic; (2) this tendency for the"interested" to cooperate more readily is diminished when monetaryincentives are offered; and (3) the impact of interest on cooperationhas nonignorability implications for key statistics. The datacome from a three-factor experiment examining the impact oncooperation with surveys on (a) five different topics, using(b) samples from five different populations that have knownattributes related to the topics, with (c) two different incentiveconditions. 相似文献
90.
Many studies have evaluated the impact of differences in population size and growth rate on population forecast accuracy.
Virtually all these studies have been based on aggregate data; that is, they focused on average errors for places with particular
size or growth rate characteristics. In this study, we take a different approach by investigating forecast accuracy using
regression models based on data for individual places. Using decennial census data from 1900 to 2000 for 2,482 counties in
the US, we construct a large number of county population forecasts and calculate forecast errors for 10- and 20-year horizons.
Then, we develop and evaluate several alternative functional forms of regression models relating population size and growth
rate to forecast accuracy; investigate the impact of adding several other explanatory variables; and estimate the relative
contributions of each variable to the discriminatory power of the models. Our results confirm several findings reported in
previous studies but uncover several new findings as well. We believe regression models based on data for individual places
provide powerful but under-utilized tools for investigating the determinants of population forecast accuracy. 相似文献