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31.
This paper explores the relationship among group control, financial reporting strategies and governance implications in the
pursuit of domestic tax planning. A very large number of papers deals with international tax planning in multidivisional enterprises,
but very few are devoted to exploring significant incentives for national business groups to engage in tax planning strategies.
In this paper we propose a one-period model relating to the tax incentives of income shifting in Italian business groups.
We show that, given the total amount of expected earnings before taxes and the dividends received by the firms belonging to
a business group, an optimal solution to the problem of minimizing the group tax burden exists. The optimal solution involves
a gain in value for the group as a whole; nevertheless, since in business groups ownership is often differentiated among shareholders
(often because of the separation between ownership and control), income shifting may determine wealth transfers, often in
favor of the controlling shareholder. We therefore analyze the management and governance implications of such income shifting,
for both shareholders and stakeholders (i.e. managers).
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
32.
Mirko Antino Francisco Gil-Rodríguez Alfredo Rodríguez-Muñoz Stefano Borzillo 《Revista de Psicología Social》2014,29(3):589-608
Positive leadership is considered a fundamental factor which contributes significantly to the development of healthy organizations. Positive leadership has been address via other leadership models, primarily transformational and authentic leadership, with which some affinities have been established. Although there is a large body of literature on positive leadership, especially related to its practical aspects, the construct is not properly delimited and there are only a few relevant contributions on how to measure it. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a pilot study to examine the psychometric properties of a reduced version of the PLAS (Positive Leadership Assessment Scale). Results from a confirmatory factorial analysis show that a five-correlated factors model achieves a good fit with the empirical data (on a sample of Spanish students). Likewise, this study also offers a range of evidence of validity, showing a relationship with the constructs of both transformational and authentic leadership and engagement. 相似文献
33.
Rosa Arboretti Giancristofaro Stefano Bonnini 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2009,18(2):221-236
In several sciences, especially when dealing with performance evaluation, complex testing problems may arise due in particular
to the presence of multidimensional categorical data. In such cases the application of nonparametric methods can represent
a reasonable approach. In this paper, we consider the problem of testing whether a “treatment” is stochastically larger than
a “control” when univariate and multivariate ordinal categorical data are present. We propose a solution based on the nonparametric
combination of dependent permutation tests (Pesarin in Multivariate permutation test with application to biostatistics. Wiley,
Chichester, 2001), on variable transformation, and on tests on moments. The solution requires the transformation of categorical
response variables into numeric variables and the breaking up of the original problem’s hypotheses into partial sub-hypotheses
regarding the moments of the transformed variables. This type of problem is considered to be almost impossible to analyze
within likelihood ratio tests, especially in the multivariate case (Wang in J Am Stat Assoc 91:1676–1683, 1996). A comparative
simulation study is also presented along with an application example. 相似文献
34.
Lone Riisgaard Simon Bolwig Stefano Ponte Andries Du Toit Niels Halberg Frank Matose 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2010,28(2):195-216
This article aims to guide the design and implementation of action‐research projects in value‐chain analysis by presenting a strategic framework focused on small producers and trading and processing firms in developing countries. Its stepwise approach – building on the conceptual framework set out in a companion article – covers in detail what to do, questions to be asked and issues to be considered, and integrates poverty, gender, labour and environmental concerns.‘Upgrading’ strategies potentially available for improving value‐chain participation for small producers are identified, with the ultimate purpose of increasing the rewards and/or reducing the risks. 相似文献
35.
ABSTRACT. Objectives: This study examined the risk for engaging in high-risk sexual behavior associated with substance use in a sample of U.S. adolescents. Methods: The sample (N = 15,425) was obtained via the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, a survey of public high school students. Results: Substance use was associated with sexual risk behaviors, with odds ratios being greatest for adolescents who used cigarettes and illicit substances, as well as those who engaged in injection drug use. Conclusions: Results highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs targeting sexual risk behaviors in substance-using adolescents as a means to decrease the spread of sexually transmitted infections. 相似文献
36.
Stefano Caselli 《Journal of Management and Governance》2010,14(3):241-271
Italian banks have undergone an evolutionary process and development of corporate, retail and private banking within the Italian
banking system as a response to market pressures exerted by business and private customers for a broadening and qualitative
expansion of offerings and organization of available competencies. This not only refers to large enterprises, whose relations
with the financial system are autonomous, on equal terms and for some time now have opened up internationally, but above all
the large number of SMEs found in Italy’s economic system. Interpreting governance and strategy takes place in a broad perspective
in which banks and the financial system have to deal with five significant factors today: regulations, customers, knowledge,
capital and synergies. Interaction with these five factors is undoubtedly not only guided by a choice made by shareholders
and managers but represents the set of decisions that mitigate ideological factors, choices concerning sustainability and
social acceptance of these choices. This paper intends to explore this interaction, drawing on and utilizing the most significant
studies in the Italian Banking & Finance sector, with a specific focus on relations between the financial system and businesses,
that is to say, the corporate banking area. 相似文献
37.
Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna Stefano Gavini Angela Spinelli 《Revue europeenne de demographie》1998,14(1):61-88
A model is proposed to estimate the number of conceptions during a single year using scarce survey data, official data on births and abortions for the two years following the survey, and some parameters on contraception failure. The model is fitted for 1979, 1989, 1994 to Puglia, a Southern Italian region with a population of 4 millions. Simulations are also produced.The decrease in births is caused mainly by the decline in wanted births, whereas the decline in abortions is caused by diffusion of the pill, IUD, and condom. The rapid increase in the proportion of never-married women explains the slow decrease in unwanted births and conceptions, compared to the fast decline in wanted ones. This situation is different compared to other Western countries (e.g. France, UK, and USA) where the decline in TFR during the 1960s and 1970s was largely caused by the decline in unwanted fertility, thanks to improved modern contraception and sterilisation. 相似文献
38.
Stefano Favaro Georgia Hadjicharalambous Igor Prünster 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(9):2987-3004
In the present paper we define and investigate a novel class of distributions on the simplex, termed normalized infinitely divisible distributions, which includes the Dirichlet distribution. Distributional properties and general moment formulae are derived. Particular attention is devoted to special cases of normalized infinitely divisible distributions which lead to explicit expressions. As a by-product new distributions over the unit interval and a generalization of the Bessel function distribution are obtained. 相似文献
39.
40.
Modern agricultural production typically requires large quantities of chemical pesticides, a potential source of both environmental and human harm. Previous social science research has suggested that environmental problems such as those associated with pesticide use may begin to decline at higher levels of economic development. Using fixed effects models, we examine whether this possible relationship holds within nations and over time. This study draws on data from the World Bank as well as pesticide use data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to examine the relationship between pesticide use and economic development within nations from 1990 to 2014. The findings are considered from theoretical perspectives in environmental sociology on the drivers of environmental impacts: the treadmill of production theory, structural human ecology, ecological modernization theory, and the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The results of this study show a positive relationship between economic development and pesticide consumption over time, with no decline in use at higher levels of economic development. Thus, they generally support the claims made by treadmill of production and structural human ecology. 相似文献