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351.
Kimberly Hoagwood Ph.D. John M. Stewart Ph.D. 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1989,6(2):139-149
A clinical sample of 76 children in a day and residential treatment facility was administered the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) at time of admission. Interviews with therapists enabled identification of students who had been sexually abused prior to admission. A comparison group of children who had not been sexually abused was selected to match age, grade level and gender of the sexually abused children. ANOVA yielded significant differences on the dimensions of problem-solving, roles, and general functioning, with the direction of the effect indicating greater pathology among the sexually abused group. Analyses of differences between victims of intrafamilial or extrafamilial abuse yielded significance in affective responsivity, affective involvement, and general functioning, with greater enmeshment and dysfunction reported by the victims of intrafamilial abuse. Some gender differences were also noted, with females reporting greater general dysfunction in their families. Implications of this research as supportive of current clinical beliefs about family functioning are offered. 相似文献
352.
Few topics have resulted in as much theory,empirical study, controversy, and practical applicationas participative decision-making (PDM). Although mostpast empirical research has assumed that thedecision-making process in PDM was unidimensional, this paperexplores a multidimensional view and examines theintegration of degree of participation anddecision-making processes and their relationship withsatisfaction and performance. The results suggest that thedegree of involvement in generating alternatives,planning, and evaluating results are relatedsignificantly to satisfaction and that degree ofinvolvement in generating alternatives and planning arerelated significantly to performance. 相似文献
353.
Data from the 1973–1975 Current Population Surveys is used to examine the impact of unionism on wage dispersion among blue-collar
women. The methodology employed in Freeman (1980) is used as a point of departure for this investigation, which disaggregates
the results by sex. The study presents evidence that indicates the impact of unionism on the dispersion of earnings differs
across sex. The study also examines whether the differential results occur because of differences in the types of jobs held
by nonunion men relative to nonunion women and finds support for this hypothesis.
The paper has benefited from discussions with and comments from Eric Bond, Barry Hirsch, Karen Pasborg, and an anonymous referee. 相似文献
354.
355.
Scott N. Duff D. Peter Stonehouse Don J. Blackburn Stewart G. Hilts 《Journal of Rural Studies》1992,8(4)
This paper presents a comprehensive framework and methodology in an attempt to direct policy solutions to soil and water degradation from water-related soil erosion. The perspective adopted by this research is social science in nature. Past research on the adoption of soil conservation practices has tended to concentrate on the micro (individual) level of inquiry and has tended to ignore environmental (i.e. biophysical) factors. Previous models of the adoption of soil conservation practices are reviewed and critiqued. Based on the strengths and limitations of these approaches, a comprehensive analytical framework that identifies and relates micro (e.g. farm and farmer characteristics) and macro (e.g. institutional arrangements, fiscal and monetary policies, agricultural policies) factors influencing the adoption and continued use of soil conservation measures is proposed. It is hypothesized that economic and institutional constraints will exert the greatest influence on decisions to use land stewardship practices when problem awareness exists at the micro level. Based on this framework, a research methodology is developed to classify the farm population into relatively homogeneous sub-groups based on farmers' receptivity to the adoption and use of currently available and prospective conservation practices. These groupings could then form the basis for targeting a range of policies, programs, and other measures appropriate for each group. 相似文献
356.
While recent decades have witnessed sharply divergent trajectories in the well-being of children and the elderly, little research explores the social-structural forces behind these trends. This study examines several key elements of Preston's theory relating relative age group size to the well-being of children and the elderly. First considered is the degree to which membership in a relatively large age group enhances well-being; second, the role of family structure in promoting well-being: third, differences between these processes for children and the elderly. An analysis of three indicators of group well-being—poverty, mortality, and suicide rates—for U.S. states provides mixed support for Preston's theory. Among the elderly, group size is inversely related to suicide and mortality, but unrelated to poverty. Contrary to Preston's view, larger group size diminishes the well-being of children. However. consistent with Preston's theory, family structure is substantially more important for the well-being of children than for the elderly. 相似文献
357.
Jay Stewart 《Journal of Labor Research》1997,18(1):121-136
Previous authors have noted that there are significant differences between the provisions of union and nonunion pension plans.
I present evidence that sheds light on two hypotheses. The first (Parsons, 1983) posits that union pensions should encourage
earlier retirement because productivity falls as workers age, but union rules prohibit firms from lowering wages. The second
(Freeman, 1985) argues that union pension plans reflect the preferences of older, more senior workers. I find some support
for both hypotheses.
I conducted some of the research for this paper as an economist with Unicon Research Corporation. I thank the National Institute
on Aging for funding (grant number 5 RO1 AG06133-03). I also thank Fran Horvath, Mark Kennet, Mark Loewenstein, Bob McIntire,
Tom Plewes, Bill Wiatrowski, and three anonymous referees for useful comments. All views and opinions expressed herein are
the author's and do not necessarily reflect those of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the National Institute on Aging, or Unicon
Research Corporation. 相似文献
358.
D. Michael Malone Jenny Manders Scott Stewart 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1997,23(1):65-79
Over the past two decades, professionals providing intervention to families with children with disabilities have witnessed a philosophical shift from individually oriented care to family-centered care. Although the relevance of family therapy to these families has been formally acknowledged through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the integration of the fields of family therapy and developmental disabilities has not yet occurred to any signigicant degree. Awareness of critical issues associated with developmental disabilities and the potential impact on the family system is vital to the process of family-centered intervention. In this paper we address the need for family specialists to become knowledgeable about early intervention considerations relevant to young children with disabilities and their families. 相似文献
359.
In response to political pressure, the state of Florida repealed its mandatory motorcycle helmet-use law for all operators and passengers older than the age of 21, effective July 1, 2000. Using monthly data and a multiple time-series design, the authors assessed the effect of this law change on serious injury and fatality rates for motorcycle riders aged 21 and older. Controls for serious injury and fatality rates for motorcycle riders younger than 21 years of age were included in the analyses. Maximum-likelihood results showed that the repeal of the mandatory helmet-use law in Florida had little observable effect on serious injuries or on fatalities that resulted from motorcycle crashes. Policy implications of these findings are discussed, and explanations are given as to why the repeal of the mandatory motorcycle helmet-use law in Florida was inconsequential. 相似文献
360.