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41.
Fertility across and within countries is influenced by a number of socio-economic and cultural factors, including ethnicity
and potentially religion. However, apart from census data, little information is available, at least in the UK, to estimate
fertility rates and thus fertility trends by ethnic and religious groups between censuses. Previously, the Labour Force Survey
(LFS) has been exploited to produce national total fertility rates (TFR) by ethnic groups up to 2001 using the reverse-survival
Own-Children Method (OCM). Here the LFS–OCM is assessed and refined to improve accuracy and tested against official statistics.
The LFS–OCM is compared with results obtained using more straightforward techniques based on Child-Woman Ratios using the
same LFS data, and differences are discussed. The refined method is applied to produce recent fertility profiles by ethnic
groups, including trends in the TFR and age-specific fertility rates, showing significant and decreasing differences between
groups. Furthermore, the method allows us to reliably investigate TFR within one ethnic group by other criteria, as illustrated
by differences in the TFR by religious affiliation of Indian women. 相似文献
42.
Jim Orford Sylvie Boulay Alex Copello Nina Graves Bob Purser Ed Day 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(2):171-181
A self-completion questionnaire containing items about recent gambling and problem gambling used in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey (BGPS) was completed by 274 clients of alcohol and drug problems services in the English West Midlands. Compared to BGPS data, matched to the client sample for age and sex, clients were significantly more likely in the previous 12 months to have engaged in forms of gambling carrying a high risk of problems, to have engaged in four or more separate forms of gambling, and to have scores on a brief form of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) indicating problem gambling. A self-completion scale on attitudes towards working with problem gamblers, with good psychometric properties according to present data, was completed by 91 members of staff of the same services. With the exception of a sub-scale measuring perceived adequacy of knowledge and skills for working with problem gamblers, staff expressed moderately positive attitudes. It is concluded that British substance misuse services are appropriate locations for the development of services for problem gambling. 相似文献
43.
Lipps (1907) presented a model of empathy which had an important influence on later formulations. According to Lipps, individuals tend to mimic an interaction partner's behavior, and this nonverbal mimicry induces—via a feedback process—the corresponding affective state in the observer. The resulting shared affect is believed to foster the understanding of the observed person's self. The present study tested this model in the context of judgments of emotional facial expressions. The results confirm that individuals mimic emotional facial expressions, and that the decoding of facial expressions is accompanied by shared affect. However, no evidence that emotion recognition accuracy or shared affect are mediated by mimicry was found. Yet, voluntary mimicry was found to have some limited influence on observer' s assessment of the observed person's personality. The implications of these results with regard to Lipps' original hypothesis are discussed. 相似文献
44.
Sylvie Parent 《Journal of child sexual abuse》2013,22(3):322-337
The disclosure of sexual abuse in the world of sports is a process that has not been widely documented. This article presents the results of a document analysis of sport organization policies and interviews conducted with 27 sport stakeholders. The interviews focus on these stakeholders' perceptions of how the disclosure process would unfold if a case of sexual abuse were to arise in their organization and their perceptions of the actual cases experienced in the sport organizations participating in this study. The results reveal several problems affecting the disclosure of sexual abuse in sport organizations. 相似文献
45.
Miwako Hoshi‐Watanabe Tullia Musatti Sylvie Rayna Michel Vandenbroeck 《Child & Family Social Work》2015,20(1):62-71
The range of centres where parents and children come together has mushroomed in different parts of the world, as new social work practices address the emerging non‐material needs of parents in changing demographic contexts. In this paper, we explore the origins and modi operandi of these centres in Belgium, France, Italy and Japan. Analysis of previous studies and policy documents reveal diverse political rationales, including addressing declining birth rates, preventing psychosocial problems and social isolation of mothers and promoting social cohesion and equality of educational opportunities. Remarkably, despite the diverse cultural and socio‐political contexts and rationales, these centres also share very similar ways of functioning and provide an informal type of social support to parents with young children. As these recently emerged centres are seldom studied, further research is welcomed to explore parents' and professionals' perspectives. 相似文献
46.
47.
Ouellet S 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):4572-4576
Questions related to job skills and the teaching situations that best promote skill development are investigated by specialists in various fields, notably among them, ergonomists. This paper presents the findings of an ergonomic intervention study whose aim was to develop a meat-deboning training program by taking into account both the training content to be constructed and the working conditions that might facilitate or hinder skill development. One-on-one interviews and group discussions, on-the-job and videotape playback observations, as well as self-confrontation interviews were carried out. Activity analysis revealed major variability in work methods. The reasoning behind the experienced workers' actions and the experiential job knowledge they had developed were brought to light and served to develop the training content. The determining factors in the choice of work methods were identified, allowing adjustments to be made to the working conditions that might hinder skill development. The ergonomic process that implied taking working conditions into account in our study may make a significant contribution to vocational didactics, which is based on the cognitive analysis of work for the purpose of improving the effectiveness of job-skills training. 相似文献
48.
Sylvie Drapeau Jerôme Ouellet Elisabeth Godbout Hans Ivers Marie-Christine Saint-Jacques 《Journal of Child Custody》2017,14(1):11-33
The goal of the present study was to shed light on the relation between postseparation custody arrangements and family contexts in which school-age children (8–12 years old) live so as to better understand the processes underlying their adjustment. The sample was composed of 112 dyads (parents and children) from families in joint custody (n?=?37) or maternal custody (n?=?75). The dyads were met with twice at a 1-year interval. Compared with those in joint custody, the respondents with sole custody had a negative opinion of the transitions between homes and had the impression that the children were more involved in interparental conflicts. This analysis showed that the difficult nature of transitions between homes was a crucial mediating variable in the relation between conflicts and the children’s adjustment, but that other variables, such as the relational problems with the mother, played a role, particularly in joint custody situations. 相似文献
49.
The primary goal of this exploratory study was to observe the presence or absence of empirical associations between various parental working conditions, family and, ultimately, the psychological well-being and educational success of young adolescents in Canada. A structural equation model analysis was undertaken from a large Canadian database. This research project used a sub-sample from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, regrouping 3447 young adolescents, aged 12–15, who generally attend high school. The analysis confirmed the suitability of the model for explaining the trajectory of the hypothesized associations. More specifically, the results confirmed that parental working conditions have an indirect effect on the psychological well-being and educational success of adolescents, through family environment, parenting and the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship. The practical implications of this study are discussed. 相似文献
50.
Tullia Musatti Miwako Hoshi‐Watanabe Sylvie Rayna Isabella Di Giandomenico Nobuko Kamigaichi Miho Mukai Miho Shiozaki 《Child & Family Social Work》2017,22(2):834-842
Professionally run centres have been created in a number of countries over the past few decades to provide a place for parents and their young children to meet. They provide children with play opportunities and social contacts with peers, but they are also intended to tackle the potential negative consequences of mother–child isolation in modern societies by providing mothers with some social support. Many mothers find their participation in the centres to be supportive. This study uses ethnographic observations of mothers′ social experience in centres in France, Italy and Japan with the aim of better understanding the potential beneficial effects of attending the centres. Beyond organizational and cultural differences in the centres across countries, this joint analysis of observations highlighted important similarities in the social processes occurring among mothers in the centres and supported the hypothesis that positive social experiences are the basic potential source of psychological benefits that the centres provide to mothers. 相似文献