论诺斯洛普·弗莱的文化批评建构

文章主要探讨诺思洛普·弗莱构建文化批评的方式。他以文学为切入点进入文化批评,由词语的向心力和离心力形成的两极张力构成了其整体批评基础,文化批评则位于批评的离心倾向上。此外,弗莱借用“神话”来阐释文化批评。神话的多义性再次张开了一个向心/离心阐释模式,这一模式正是审美论和决定论复杂关系的体现。弗莱企图中和两者,从而使文学与文化批评融为一体。     

Linear representation of M-estimates in linear models

Consider the linear regression model, y_i = x_iβ₀ + e_i, i = l,…,n, and an M-estimate β of β_o obtained by minimizing Σρ(y_i — x_iβ), where ρ is a convex function. Let S_n = ΣX_iX_iX_i and r_n = S_n^½ (β — β₀) — S_n ² Σx_ih(e_i), where, with a suitable choice of h(.), the expression Σ x_ix(e,) provides a linear representation of β. Bahadur (1966) obtained the order of r_n as n→ ∞ when β_o is a one-dimensional location parameter representing the median, and Babu (1989) proved a similar result for the general regression parameter estimated by the LAD (least absolute deviations) method. We obtain the stochastic order of r_n as n → ∞ for a general M-estimate as defined above, which agrees with the results of Bahadur and Babu in the special cases considered by them.     

Pseudo‐empirical likelihood ratio confidence intervals for complex surveys

The authors show how an adjusted pseudo‐empirical likelihood ratio statistic that is asymptotically distributed as a chi‐square random variable can be used to construct confidence intervals for a finite population mean or a finite population distribution function from complex survey samples. They consider both non‐stratified and stratified sampling designs, with or without auxiliary information. They examine the behaviour of estimates of the mean and the distribution function at specific points using simulations calling on the Rao‐Sampford method of unequal probability sampling without replacement. They conclude that the pseudo‐empirical likelihood ratio confidence intervals are superior to those based on the normal approximation, whether in terms of coverage probability, tail error rates or average length of the intervals.     

General definition and decomposition of projectors and some applications to statistical problems

A general definition of a set of projectors for decomposing a vector as the sum of vectors belonging to disjoint subspaces not necessarily spanning the whole space is given. Such projectors are defined only over the union of the disjoint subspaces. But their extension to the whole space is of some interest in statistical problems. Explicit expressions are obtained for projectors and their extensions in terms of matrices spanning the subspaces and g-inverses. Decomposition of a projector as the sum of projectors on subspaces is obtained and applied to problems arising in correlation analysis, analysis of variance and estimation of parameters in the Gauss-Markoff model.     

Queer Questions

Abstract

As rights claims on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity occupy an increasingly prominent place in international politics, it seems clear that the long-running Woman Question has been supplemented by a set of variously articulated “queer questions.” Drawing on postcolonial, feminist and queer theory, and readings of queer literary and cinematic texts from India and Iran, this article explores moments of resonance, intersection and tension between the Woman Question and queer questions. It argues, first, that contemporary queer questions echo the preoccupations of the Woman Question even as they are uncannily prefigured by it; second, that these questions have been mutually disruptive of one another, so that queer questions are not simply a rerun of the Woman Question; and third, that differences between these questions are problematically flattened out in projections of shared futurity articulated in the abstract universality of “human rights.” Navigating the shared pasts, fraught presents and imagined futures of Woman and queer questions, the article brings queer critiques of temporality to bear on the concerns of postcolonial queer activism. It elucidates opportunities and challenges for alliance between the subjectivities interpellated by these various questions. In addition, it asks how the proliferation of new subjectivities under the sign of “queer” troubles notions of universal human rights.     

Relationship Difficulties as a Conduit from Hyperactivity to Depressive Symptoms

Based on the interpersonal model of depression, disrupted social relationships can lead to depression and childhood hyperactivity can disrupt those crucial relationships. Hyperactivity and the interactions between hyperactivity and interpersonal relations/social support in predicting depression are investigated based on data collected from 100 youth aged 8–14 and their parents. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated main effects for children’s report of hyperactivity and classmate support and an interaction between hyperactivity and classmate support in predicting children’s report of depression. Using parent’s report of child hyperactivity, there was a main effect for classmate support and an interaction between hyperactivity and parent report of family cohesion in predicting depressive symptoms. Results are consistent with past research, suggesting hyperactivity may compromise family and peer relationships, leading to depressive symptoms.     

Linear estimation of location and scale parameters in the generalized gamma distribution

The expressions for moments of order statistics from the generalized gamma distribution are derived. Coefficients to get the BLUEs of location and scale parameters in the generalized gamma distribution are computed. Some simple alternative linear unbiased estimates of location and scale parameters are also proposed and their relative efficiencies compared to the BLUEs are studied.