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41.
This study is the first attempt to investigate the influence of unions on innovative activities in Germany at the industry
level. Econometric models estimated by a highly robust method and submitted to a number of specification tests indicate that
trade unions do not have a negative impact on innovative activity which is measured by either the percentage of revenues spent
on R&D or the percentage of employees working in R&D. This finding is consistent with evidence on the influence of unions
on productivity in Germany and with considerations about the German system of industrial relations. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Michael Wagner Imke Dunkake M.A. Bernd Weiß M.A. 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2004,56(3):457-489
The aim of this article is to describe the extent of truancy in Cologne and to identify the relevant predictors. Hypotheses are deduced from classical deviance theories (control theory, amomy theory, theory of urban subcultures) and tested empirically. Our analysis is based on a survey of pupils in Cologne from grade 8 to 10 which was conducted in 1999 by the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg. Our results show that 7.9 percent of all respondends can be defined as truants. Boys play truant more than girls, and the higher the age, the more pupils bunk off school. More important than gender and age is the type of secondary school. We find the highest amount of truants at Hauptschulen and Sonderschulen. It is shown that truancy is a multidimensional phenomenon that cannot be explained by just one single theory. 相似文献
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Ralf T. Münnich Ekkehard W. Sachs Matthias Wagner 《AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis》2012,96(3):435-450
Modern sampling designs in survey statistics, in general, are constructed in order to optimize the accuracy of estimators such as totals, means and proportions. In stratified random sampling a variance minimal solution was introduced by Neyman and Tschuprov. However, practical constraints may lead to limitations of the domain of sampling fractions which have to be considered within the optimization process. Special attention on the complexity of numerical solutions has to be paid in cases with many strata or when the optimal allocation has to be applied repeatedly, such as in iterative solutions of stratification problems. The present article gives an overview of recent numerical algorithms which allow adequate inclusion of box constraints in the numerical optimization process. These box constraints may play an important role in statistical modeling. Furthermore, a new approach through a fixed point iteration with a finite termination property is presented. 相似文献
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Tobias Wagner Christoph Bröcker Nicolas Saba Dirk Biermann Anton Matzenmiller Kurt Steinhoff 《AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis》2010,94(4):389-404
In this paper, measurements from experiments and results of a finite element analysis (FEA) are combined in order to compute
accurate empirical models for the temperature distribution before a thermomechanically coupled forming process. To accomplish
this, Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments (DACE) is used to separately compute models for the measurements and the
functional output of the FEA. Based on a hierarchical approach, a combined model of the process is computed. In this combined
modelling approach, the model for the FEA is corrected by taking into account the systematic deviations from the experimental
measurements. The large number of observations based on the functional output hinders the direct computation of the DACE models
due to the internal inversion of the correlation matrix. Thus, different techniques for identifying a relevant subset of the
observations are proposed. The application of the resulting procedure is presented, and a statistical validation of the empirical
models is performed. 相似文献
50.
Klaus Wagner 《Risk analysis》2007,27(3):671-682
Perceptions of flash floods and landslides were analyzed in four communities of the Bavarian Alps using the mental model approach. Thirty-eight qualitative interviews, two telephone surveys with 600 respondents, and two onsite interviews (74/95 respondents) were conducted. Mental models concerning flash floods are much better developed than those for landslides because the key physical processes for flash floods are easier for the general public to recognize and understand. Mental models are influenced by the local conditions. People who have a better knowledge about the hazards are those who use many different sources to inform themselves, express fear about natural hazards, or have previous experience with hazards. Conclusions for how to improve information for the general public are discussed. 相似文献