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91.
Maggie Walter Natalie Jackson Bruce Felmingham 《The Australian journal of social issues》2008,43(2):291-309
As in other western industrialised countries the structural ageing of the Australian population has significant labour market implications. Government has responded with a range of policies to persuade older workers to abandon early retirement and/or remain in the workforce past traditional retirement ages. But whether this generation of workers will be prepared to change their retirement plans in response to policy encouragement, and whether current policy measures will translate into significant numbers of older workers extending their labour force participation is uncertain. Using the Australian Survey of Retirement Attitudes and Motivations (ASRAM) a recently completed, nationally representative survey of Australian workers aged 40 – 59 years we find that while the Government message about working longer is getting through, older workers are relatively unresponsive to current policy measures. Other policies, especially policies outside the financial realm, are needed to maximise the number of older Australians in the labour force. 相似文献
92.
Kenneth Nelson Daniel Fredriksson Tomas Korpi Walter Korpi Joakim Palme Ola Sjberg 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2020,29(3):285-289
The Social Policy Indicators (SPIN) database provides the foundations for new comparative and longitudinal research on the causes behind, and the consequences of, welfare states and social citizenship rights. The SPIN database is oriented towards analyses of institutions as manifested in social policy legislation. To date, SPIN covers 40 countries, of which several have data on core social policy programmes from 1930. There are currently six data modules in SPIN, covering different social policy areas. The following research note describes the theoretical and conceptual basis of the SPIN project, as well as the data it contains. 相似文献
93.
Abstract Critics of agricultural news claim farm media and mass media coverage of agriculture is systematically distorted, a condition that could seriously affect the agricultural information system. A national survey used agricultural journalists as expert judges to assess how well three types of print journalists cover agricultural news. Their assessments indicated that mass media reporters who do not regularly cover agricultural news tend to write agriculture stories that are superficial and stereotyped but not biased toward agricultural interests. Farm magazine writers' stories are not superficial or stereotyped, but writers are uncritical of agriculture, biased toward agroindustry, and overlook important social and environmental issues. Newspaper farm beat reporters are closer to farm magazine writers in not trivializing agriculture and closer to general newspaper reporters in avoiding close ties with industry. Both farmers and public thus receive biased and fragmented reporting that may polarize their views on current agricultural issues. Even if reporters are aware of critical shortcomings in their coverage, improvement may require reduction in structural constraints on story choice. 相似文献
94.
Strategy-proofness of social welfare functions: The use of the Kemeny distance between preference orderings 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The Kemeny distance for preference orderings is used to determine individual rankings of social preferences. Based on this distance function, the strategy-proofness of social welfare functions is examined. Our main result is an impossibility theorem stating that no social welfare function can be strategy-proof, if some additional properties are required.The work on this paper initiated while Walter Bossert was a visitor at the CentER for Economic Research at Tilburg University. The hospitality and the support of CentER and its members are gratefully acknowledged. Ton Storcken's research was supported by a grant from the Cooperation Centre Tilburg and Eindhoven University. An earlier version of the paper was presented at the 1991 Canadian Economic Theory Meeting in Toronto. We thank the participants and especially Ingrid Peters-Fransen for comments. Substantial improvements are due to the suggestions of Bernard Monjardet and two referees. 相似文献
95.
Traditional models of entry-deterrence typically emphasize sunk costs or predatory pricing, but unionization might also discourage
potential entrants. This paper explores this possibility through an empirical model of entry that includes unionization as
an explanatory variable. We find that unionization has a statistically significant entry-deterring effect. 相似文献
96.
Some of the errors in measurement of migration and its determinants that occur with the use of fixed-period data are identified. Consideration of this issue yields a typology of studies based on the nature of the determinants related to migration. Sources of distortion are numerated. The logical severity of each distortion is detailed. Use of the typology permits an appraisal of the potential confidence to be given to the validity of findings associated with classes of migration research which use fixed-period data. A test case is examined to illustrate the usefulness of the typology.This research was supported in part by the NSF Grant No. SOC76-81767, for the study, "A Test of Competing Explanations for Migration Differentials." Funds for computer time and technical assistance were also provided by the Department of Sociology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 相似文献
97.
98.
Apart from having intrinsic mathematical interest, order statistics are also useful in the solution of many applied sampling and analysis problems. For a general review of the properties and uses of order statistics, see David (1981). This paper provides tabulations of means and variances of certain order statistics from the gamma distribution, for parameter values not previously available. The work was motivated by a particular quota sampling problem, for which existing tables are not adequate. The solution to this sampling problem actually requires the moments of the highest order statistic within a given set; however the calculation algorithm used involves a recurrence relation, which causes all the lower order statistics to be calculated first. Therefore we took the opportunity to develop more extensive tables for the gamma order statistic moments in general. Our tables provide values for the order statistic moments which were not available in previous tables, notably those for higher values of m, the gamma distribution shape parameter. However we have also retained the corresponding statistics for lower values of m, first to allow for checking accuracy of the computtions agtainst previous tables, and second to provide an integrated presentation of our new results with the previously known values in a consistent format 相似文献
99.
This article describes several approaches for estimating the benchmark dose (BMD) in a risk assessment study with quantal dose‐response data and when there are competing model classes for the dose‐response function. Strategies involving a two‐step approach, a model‐averaging approach, a focused‐inference approach, and a nonparametric approach based on a PAVA‐based estimator of the dose‐response function are described and compared. Attention is raised to the perils involved in data “double‐dipping” and the need to adjust for the model‐selection stage in the estimation procedure. Simulation results are presented comparing the performance of five model selectors and eight BMD estimators. An illustration using a real quantal‐response data set from a carcinogenecity study is provided. 相似文献