结构紧凑操作简便的倒置式荧光显微镜的应用

介绍了来自于首批LumaScoe倒置式荧光显微镜使用者在美国不同研究实验室、教学实验室、病人检查室及家庭客厅等处采集到的不同样品的新近图像。     

Unemployment and economic security for young adults in Finland,Norway and Sweden: From unemployment protection to poverty relief

In this study, we investigated if there has been a displacement in the type and coverage of welfare services available for young unemployed adults in Finland, Norway and Sweden over the last two decades. This question is important because a number of studies have argued that the generous unemployment benefits and extensive labour market intervention found in the Nordic welfare states shield young people from the most severe consequences of economic inactivity. In this article, we instead show that during this period, less generous means‐tested unemployment and social assistance benefits have become the most important form of income protection for young people. In evidence, earnings‐related unemployment benefits now cover only 10 per cent of unemployed Swedes and Finns and 45 per cent of unemployed Norwegians aged 24 years or younger. This development marks a significant change in our understanding of unemployment protection for young people in Nordic countries.     

A new procedure for testing equivalence in comparative bioavailability and other clinical trials

The problem of testing for equivalence in clinical trials is restated here in terms of the proper clinical hypotheses and a simple classical frequentist significance test based on the central t distribution is derived. This method is then shown to be more powerful than the methods based on usual (shortest) and symmetric confidence intervals.

We begin by considering a noncentral t statistic and then consider three approximations to it. A simulation is used to compare actual test sizes to the nominal values in crossover and completely randomized designs. A central t approximation was the best. The power calculation is then shown to be based on a central t distribution, and a method is developed for obtaining the sample size required to obtain a specified power. For the approximations, a simulation compares actual powers to those obtained for the t distribution and confirms that the theoretical results are close to the actual powers.     

On the Distribution of Matrix Quadratic Forms

A characterization of the distribution of the multivariate quadratic form given by X A X′, where X is a p × n normally distributed matrix and A is an n × n symmetric real matrix, is presented. We show that the distribution of the quadratic form is the same as the distribution of a weighted sum of non central Wishart distributed matrices. This is applied to derive the distribution of the sample covariance between the rows of X when the expectation is the same for every column and is estimated with the regular mean.     

Spatial robust small area estimation

The accuracy of recent applications in small area statistics in many cases highly depends on the assumed properties of the underlying models and the availability of micro information. In finite population sampling, small sample sizes may increase the sensitivity of the modeling with respect to single units. In these cases, area-specific sample sizes tend to be small such that normal assumptions, even of area means, seem to be violated. Hence, applying robust estimation methods is expected to yield more reliable results. In general, two robust small area methods are applied, the robust EBLUP and the M-quantile method. Additionally, the use of adequate auxiliary information may further increase the accuracy of the estimates. In prediction based approaches where information is needed on universe level, in general, only few variables are available which can be used for modeling. In addition to variables from the dataset, in many cases further information may be available, e.g. geographical information which could indicate spatial dependencies between neighboring areas. This spatial information can be included in the modeling using spatially correlated area effects. Within the paper the classical robust EBLUP is extended to cover spatial area effects via a simultaneous autoregressive model. The performance of the different estimators are compared in a model-based simulation study.     

The vexed link between social capital and social mobility for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Overcoming the socio‐economic disparity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non‐Indigenous Australians is a long‐standing social policy objective: one largely shared by Indigenous people. Achievement will require Indigenous individuals and households to be socially mobile, a process integrally involved with social capital, existing and requisite. The lack of research on Indigenous social mobility or its attendant social capital connections is addressed in this paper through an exploratory analysis of this interaction across three dimensions: distinctive patterns of Indigenous social capital; the transferability of Indigenous social capital; and traversing the social capital divide. The implications drawn, while tentative, indicate that for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people the intersection of the processes of social mobility and social capital is vexed, and contains hazards and costs not fully shared by socially mobile non‐Indigenous households. The Indigenous‐specific factors of a gendered professional class, the identity–social capital link, and Indigenous labour market circumstances all indicate that more research and a more nuanced understanding of Indigenous social mobility is necessary. Social policy recommendations include broadening the concept of cultural leave to include bonding social capital obligations, especially for women, and re‐evaluation of how to support Indigenous career trajectories and transferable skill sets.