THE PECULIAR EXTERNALITIES OF PROFESSIONAL TEAM SPORTS

The economics literature has long been divided regarding whether competing sports teams can achieve the same, efficient allocation of playing skills that a revenue-maximizing league monopolist would choose despite the external effects the teams impose on each other in their pursuit of athletic talent. In this article an explicit consideration of the arbitrage incentives that underlie the marketing and pricing of playing skills indicates that decentralized franchises generally fail to allocate talent efficiently. For fans concerned about the championship prospects of their preferred team, the popular complaint has merit: "Big-city teams win too much."(JEL L83 )     

Standards of Care for Research with Participants Who Identify as LGBTQ+

ABSTRACT

The following standards of care have been developed to support the continued development of research with individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, plus individuals whose orientations differ from those who identify as heterosexual and cisgender (LGBTQ+). The guidelines presented are conceived as a working document that reflect the current state and body of knowledge that can inform and provide reference for counseling research, and can be used in the preparation and training of future researchers. The standards outlined in this document will continue to evolve as does research, LGBTQ+ communities, and the sociopolitical climate.     

Approximation and information topologies

In this paper approximation properties of finite dimensional parametric models are described in terms of an information metric: the Hellinger distance. Under conditions on the parametric family given solely in terms of a comparison of the Hellinger distance with the parameter metric, optimal rates of convergence are described. It is also shown how to use these conditions on the parametric family to determine whether consistent estimation is possible. We give applications of the theorems to regular and non-regular parametric families, and to nonlinear regression.     

社会资本的力量

嘉吉公司退休CEO强调了在公司内部构建社会资本的重要价值, 同时提出了经过验证的实践方案我在嘉吉公司(Cargill)度过了整个职业生涯,并在1995年作为董事长兼CEO退休。我在1951 年加入嘉吉公司时,它只是大宗农产品行业的二流选手,该行业被一些大得多的公司所主导,比如:大陆谷物、通用食     

Nursing diagnosis of depression

To summarize, based on a sample of six subjects who were depressed, 12 nursing diagnoses were identified. Five of the 12 diagnoses occurred in more than one subject. Criteria for making a diagnosis were specified, and the diagnoses and their defining characteristics were examined for principles of classification.     

Improving Tobacco-Free Advocacy on College Campuses: A Novel Strategy to Aid in the Understanding of Student Perceptions About Policy Proposals

Abstract

Objective: Tobacco-control policy proposals are usually met with opposition on college campuses. Research to understand students’ viewpoints about health-related policy proposals and messaging strategies, however, does not exist. This study investigated students’ perceptions about a smoke-free policy proposal to help understand their positions of support and opposition and to inform the development of effective messaging strategies. Participants: In January 2012, 1,266 undergraduate students from a midwestern university completed an online questionnaire about smoke-free campus policies. Methods: Responses were coded and analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software and chi-square, independent-samples t tests, and binary logistic models. Results: Most students who supported a smoke-free policy considered environmental or aesthetic conditions, whereas most opponents used personal freedom frames of thought. Supporters viewed smoking policies in personal terms, and opponents suggested means-ends policy reasoning. Conclusions: Taken together, points of reference and emotions about proposed policies provided insight about participants’ perspectives to help inform effective policy advocacy efforts.     

Rapid response to a conjunctivitis outbreak: the use of technology to leverage information

When an outbreak of conjunctivitis was identified at a rural New England college early in 2002, the college health center medical staff used various information management and communication systems to alert the community to the situation. They called upon the state Department of Human Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to help them understand and manage the outbreak. Technological systems already in place at the college allowed for rapid collection of data by means of a survey delivered over the Internet and a carriage study facilitated by a Web-based appointment and communication system. Within days, the data were collected and analyzed and an immediate response to contain the outbreak was launched.