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681.
Dylan Simone John Eyles K. Bruce Newbold Peter Kitchen Allison Williams 《Social indicators research》2012,108(2):239-255
This study investigates the factors influencing perceptions of air quality in the industrial city of Hamilton, Canada. The research employs data collected via a telephone survey of 1,002 adult residents in three neighbourhoods. Perceptions in the neighbourhoods were examined by individual socio-demographic factors (age, gender, marital and immigrant status, education, etc.) in addition to perceived health status and neighbourhood problems (environmental, social and safety concerns). Neighbourhood variations were found, with those residing in the Southwest Mountain neighbourhood being over 6 times more likely to report a ??good?? perception of air quality than those residing in the Lower City neighbourhood. In addition, factors influencing these perceptions also varied by neighbourhood. Perceived neighbourhood problems strongly influenced perceptions of air quality in the Lower City and Central areas, whereas socio-demographic factors were significant primarily in the Lower City neighbourhood, suggesting the importance of these mediating dimensions; pointing to less of a concern about air quality. There was, however, remarkable consistency in all three neighbourhoods when respondents were asked whether their perception of air quality affected their choice to go outside. Overall, the presence or absence of perceived problems, such as pollution and safety, had a powerful effect on shaping and differentiating neighbourhood responses. 相似文献
682.
This paper examines geographic variations in sense of community belonging in Hamilton, Ontario. It also identifies the most significant health and social factors associated with belonging in the city. The research employs data from the 2007/08 Canadian Community Health Survey for respondents aged 18 or over living in the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area. The primary unit of geography is the forward sortation area (FSA), which correspond with the boundaries comprising the first three digits of the postal code. The paper found that, overall, residents of Hamilton enjoy a strong sense of belonging to their community, one of the highest rates in Canada. Consistent with research at the national level, the paper revealed a strong and clear association between lower sense of belonging and lower self-perceived mental health. Age (45?C64) and household type (couples with children) were associated with higher sense of belonging. The mapping analysis revealed that sense of belonging was generally strongest among residents of rural Hamilton and became weaker moving towards the city centre, with particularly low levels evident in the Lower City. The presence of lower sense of belonging and lower mental health was clearly visible in three FSAs comprising the central portion of the Lower City. 相似文献
683.
Denita Williams Jennifer Castleman Chi-Ching Lee Beth Mote Mary Alice Smith 《Risk analysis》2009,29(11):1495-1505
One‐third of the annual cases of listeriosis in the United States occur during pregnancy and can lead to miscarriage or stillbirth, premature delivery, or infection of the newborn. Previous risk assessments completed by the Food and Drug Administration/the Food Safety Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture/the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (FDA/USDA/CDC)( 1 ) and Food and Agricultural Organization/the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO)( 2 ) were based on dose‐response data from mice. Recent animal studies using nonhuman primates( 3 , 4 ) and guinea pigs( 5 ) have both estimated LD50s of approximately 107 Listeria monocytogenes colony forming units (cfu). The FAO/WHO( 2 ) estimated a human LD50 of 1.9 × 106 cfu based on data from a pregnant woman consuming contaminated soft cheese. We reevaluated risk based on dose‐response curves from pregnant rhesus monkeys and guinea pigs. Using standard risk assessment methodology including hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard characterization, and risk characterization, risk was calculated based on the new dose‐response information. To compare models, we looked at mortality rate per serving at predicted doses ranging from 10?4 to 1012 L. monocytogenes cfu. Based on a serving of 106 L. monocytogenes cfu, the primate model predicts a death rate of 5.9 × 10?1 compared to the FDA/USDA/CDC (fig. IV‐12)( 1 ) predicted rate of 1.3 × 10?7. Based on the guinea pig and primate models, the mortality rate calculated by the FDA/USDA/CDC( 1 ) is underestimated for this susceptible population. 相似文献
684.
This paper aims to explain the recent defensive strategy of downsizing at the BBC. The paper rejects the analysis of both industry practitioner and neoclassical economics academic critics who represent the corporation as an all-powerful, abusive player in a market and instead develops an alternative concept of the business model, which focuses the pressures of financial viability and stakeholder credibility to explain the restructuring. We argue that the BBC's business model is stressed because it struggles to deliver what key stakeholders want and expect from the corporation, from a pot of revenue that is limited by regulation. The BBC's problem is compounded by demands for more programming hours following its move into digital and by the increasingly formalized demands of regulators on behalf of an absent consumer. The paper concludes that without reflexive, business-model-centred regulation, it is likely that the BBC's business model will become unsustainable. 相似文献
685.
Kristy L. Archuleta Lloyd G. Zimmerman Kelley K. Williams Charlotte Shoup Olsen Brett Coffman Emily Burr 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2017,38(3):390-404
The roles of women have been and remain central to the functioning of the family farm business. However, a gap in recent literature on farm women, in general, exists and research is limited regarding women’s farm business roles and their satisfaction with their farm business financial situation. The purpose of this study was to explore factors that impact farm women’s perceptions of farm business financial satisfaction. Results indicated that the importance of financial solvency and satisfaction with one’s farm role were positively associated with women’s farm business financial satisfaction. Holding a primary decision-making role was negatively associated with farm business financial satisfaction. Implications for educators, professionals who work with farm women, and researchers are discussed. 相似文献
686.
687.
Since 9/11, attention to Islamic migrant organizations within Western countries has grown. However, the humanitarian activities of these organizations have received only limited attention. Hence, it is not yet clear why these organizations engage in humanitarian crises, which specific role Islam plays in their humanitarian engagement and which factors influence the scope of their activities in humanitarian crises. This paper aims to address these research questions by using approaches from sociology of organizations and presenting three empirical case studies from Germany. Particularly, it argues that although all three case studies are active in humanitarian crises the scope of their activities differs due to their differing organizational characteristics, member interests and external expectations. 相似文献
688.
689.
690.
E.R. Williams J.A. John D. Whitaker 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2014,56(1):89-96
Early generation variety trials are very important in plant and tree breeding programs. Typically many entries are tested, often with very few resources available. Unreplicated trials using control plots are popular and it is common to repeat the trials at a number of locations. An alternative is to use partially replicated (p–rep) designs, where a proportion of the test entries are replicated at each location. We extend a method for the generation of p–rep designs based on α–arrays to allow for a much broader class of designs to be constructed. Updating procedures for the average efficiency factor and its upper bound are developed for application to the computer generation of efficient p–rep designs. 相似文献