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721.
Richard Williams 《Sociology Compass》2013,7(7):515-532
This article uses the case of visually based collaborative social science research to explore the problem of inequality between researchers and research subjects in social science research. This dilemma is ever present for social scientists researching topics where the research subject represents a group experiencing social exclusion. The paper uses the claim of those social scientists that argue that collaboration between researchers and research subjects can diminish the inequality problem by empowering research subjects. Through this interrogation of the “collaboration as empowerment claim,” as an ideal type construction the paper argues that (i) it pays insufficient attention to the knowledge frameworks and incentive structures around which research projects are carried out and disseminated, (ii) it does not interrogate the fact that the claim of empowerment as outcome is made by those in the researcher role, and (iii) it does not explicitly document the research subject's own assessment of a collaboration/empowerment link. The paper moves beyond the insights drawn from the visual case to point to their implications for other areas in which collaboration research is claimed as a means to empower research subjects and by implication to diminish researcher/research subject inequalities. 相似文献
722.
Crossover experiments are widely used, particularly where a sequence of treatments is given to subjects. Correlations between observations on the same subject are therefore likely and should be considered in both the design and analysis of crossover experiments. This paper presents an algorithm for the generation of efficient crossover designs with autoregressive and linear variance structures. The algorithm has been implemented as a module in the experimental design generation package CycDesigN (Release 3.0; CycSoftware, Hamilton, New Zealand). Output from the algorithm is compared with earlier work. Some results are given from the analysis of a crossover experiment assuming correlated errors. 相似文献
723.
Recent research on the relationship between child health and income in developed countries reveals a positive gradient that
is more pronounced for older children, suggesting that the impact of income upon health accumulates. This article examines
whether the same is true in a developing country. Using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey on children aged 0 to
14 years, we find that although low income adversely affects health, its impact does not differ by age. This finding is robust
to the use of both subjective and objective health measures, controlling for selective mortality, the use of alternative measures
of households’ resources, and the inclusion of indicators of health at birth and parental health. One explanation for the
constancy of the health-income relationship that we explore is the dominant role played by acute illness in determining the
general health status of children in a developing-country context compared with the more central role played by chronic conditions
in developed countries. 相似文献
724.
Mark Daniel Margaret Cargo Elisabeth Marks Catherine Paquet David Simmons Margaret Williams Kevin Rowley Kerin O’Dea 《Social indicators research》2009,94(2):241-256
This study reports on the development and evaluation of a rating tool to assess the scientific utility and cultural appropriateness
of community-level indicators for application with Indigenous populations. Indicator criteria proposed by the U.S. Institute
of Medicine were culturally adapted through reviewing the literature and consultations with academic and Indigenous stakeholders.
Pre-testing and collaborator feedback drove the iterative development of the tool with stakeholder groups in Canada, Aotearoa/New
Zealand, and Australia. Pilot testing with 17 raters across countries involved rating the same selection of six health and
social indicators using a six-point ordinal scale. The final version of the rating tool includes 16 questions within three
criterion domains: importance, soundness, and viability. Academic and community stakeholder review established face and content validity. The indicator rating tool demonstrated
good internal consistency and excellent inter-rater reliability for two of three pilot testing groups. Use of this instrument
can strengthen collaborative research planning and evaluation with Indigenous communities through selection of relevant and
culturally appropriate indicators for application to public health research, prevention programmes, and health and social
policy. 相似文献
725.
We investigated how often young adults worry about race relationsand whether they perceive that white/black relations have beendeteriorating. We also explored the relationships betweenrace-related worry and pessimism, and subjective well-being. This study addressed the distribution of race-related worry andpessimism, and their relationship to subjective well-being innational probability samples of high school seniors completingself-administered questionnaires in 1996 and 1997 (n = 4,514). Nearly one-third of high school seniors often worry about racerelations, and about 20% perceive that contemporary white/blackrelations have been getting at least a little worse. Worryingoften about race relations and perceiving that race relationshave been getting worse were significantly associated withdiminished levels of life satisfaction and happiness. Theresults confirm that race-related worry and pessimism werecommon, and that they impact youth's affective and cognitivestates. 相似文献
726.
727.
What a drop can do: Dried blood spots as a minimally invasive method for integrating biomarkers into population-based research 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Logistical constraints associated with the collection and analysis of biological samples in community-based settings have been a significant impediment to integrative, multilevel bio-demographic and biobehavioral research. However recent methodological developments have overcome many of these constraints and have also expanded the options for incorporating biomarkers into population-based health research in international as well as domestic contexts. In particular using dried blood spot (DBS) samples-drops of whole blood collected on filter paper from a simple finger prick-provides a minimally invasive method for collecting blood samples in nonclinical settings. After a brief discussion of biomarkers more generally, we review procedures for collecting, handling, and analyzing DBS samples. Advantages of using DBS samples-compared with venipuncture include the relative ease and low cost of sample collection, transport, and storage. Disadvantages include requirements for assay development and validation as well as the relatively small volumes of sample. We present the results of a comprehensive literature review of published protocols for analysis of DBS samples, and we provide more detailed analysis of protocols for 45 analytes likely to be of particular relevance to population-level health research. Our objective is to provide investigators with the information they need to make informed decisions regarding the appropriateness of blood spot methods for their research interests. 相似文献
728.
Seth J. Schwartz Byron L. Zamboanga Russell D. Ravert Su Yeong Kim Robert S. Weisskirch Michelle K. Williams Melina Bersamin Gordon E. Finley 《Journal of marriage and the family》2009,71(3):727-740
The present study investigated the association of perceived parenting with health‐risk behaviors in an ethnically diverse sample of 1,728 college‐attending emerging adults. Participants completed retrospective measures of perceived maternal and paternal nurturance, connection, psychological control, and disrespect and reported their frequency of binge drinking, illicit drug use, unsafe sexual behavior, and impaired driving. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses indicated that perceived paternal acceptance was associated inversely with 6 of the 12 health‐risk behaviors measured, whereas perceived mothering was related only to 2 of these health‐risk behaviors. These patterns were consistent across gender, ethnicity, and family structure. 相似文献
729.
730.
Allison M. Williams Nazeem Muhajarine James Randall Ronald Labonte Peter Kitchen 《Social indicators research》2008,85(1):97-110
This paper examines volunteerism across three neighbourhood types that are differentiated by socio-economic status (SES) in
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The three neighbourhood types are defined as Low, Middle and High SES. The study used data
collected from two telephone surveys (n = 968 in 2001, n = 997 in 2004) using random-digit dialling, together with in-depth interview data collected from a selected set of survey
participants (n = 90). Neighbourhood type and length of residence are shown to have a strong bearing on volunteerism. The interview data
illustrates that the quality of volunteer activity that residents engage in differs across neighbourhood types.
相似文献
Peter KitchenEmail: |