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61.
Wim van Oorschot 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2004,13(1):15-27
As a result of the flexibilisation of labour and the trend towards the 'activating welfare state', social policies show an increasing interconnection of work and welfare issues. The Netherlands is no exception. It is generally believed that the Dutch welfare state is successfully activating its unemployed labour potential (often referred to as the 'Dutch Miracle'), and that flexible and part-time work is protected by adequate 'flexicurity'. This article critically reviews Dutch activation and flexicurity policies. It concludes that there is still more unemployment than the miracle-story suggests; that important target groups of activation policies have not profited from 'the miracle'; that part-time workers have sufficient social protection but that social security for flex-workers still needs major improvements, despite favourable adjustments of labour law. 相似文献
62.
Stefanos Mastrotheodoros Jolien Van der Graaff Maja Dekovi Wim H. J. Meeus Susan J. T. Branje 《Journal of research on adolescence》2019,29(4):846-862
Parent–child relationships change during adolescence. Furthermore, parents and adolescents perceive parenting differently. We examined the changes in perceptions of parental practices in fathers, mothers, and adolescents during adolescence. Furthermore, we investigated if fathers', mothers', and adolescents' perceptions converge during adolescence. Following 497 families across six waves (ages 13–18), we investigated the development of parental support and behavioral control using mother and father self‐reports, and adolescent reports for mothers and fathers. We found curvilinear decrease for support and control. Parent–adolescent convergence emerged over the 6 years: those with higher intercepts had a steeper decrease, whereas correlations among parent and adolescent reports increased. This multi‐informant study sheds light on the development of parent–adolescent convergence on perceptions of parenting. 相似文献
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Most research on the non-economic quality of life have been (a) on a national level or performed on cross-country comparisons,
and/or (b) used subjective indicators to measure how people perceive their non-economic quality of life. In this paper, our
main contribution is to construct objective indicators of the non-economic quality of life for 354 sub-national magisterial
districts in South Africa. We also compare changes in these indicators over time, and consider methodological issues in the
construction of objective indicators of non-economic quality of life. We find that although income does matter for the overall
quality of life, non-income components of the quality of life can make an important difference. We find a number of places
with low incomes that have been able to achieve higher than expected outcomes in terms of the non-economic quality of life,
and that some of the relative income poor areas have improved their non-economic ranking between 1996 and 2004. We also find
that the geographical/environmental quality of life in South Africa is better in non-urban areas, where fewer of the country’s
population is residing. Significant improvements in the overall quality of life may be achieved through improvements in the
urban natural environment.
相似文献
Wim NaudéEmail: |
65.
This paper points out that there may be a logical consistency issue in choosing the reference wage in efficiency wage models.
We have shown that defining the outside option in the efficiency wage logic as the market-clearing wage solves this difficulty,
and is justifiable in terms of the assumed behaviour of workers and employers. The model that we examine confirms earlier
findings of reinforcing effects between union-firm bargaining and efficiency wages. However, if union preferences vary between
wages and employment, Summers’ reinforcing effect is no longer present for each value of the parameter describing these preferences.
Above a certain threshold value of union preferences for employment, the two mechanisms do not reinforce each other anymore. 相似文献
66.
The Dutch and Danish Miracles Revisited: A Critical Discussion of Activation Policies in Two Small Welfare States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Denmark and the Netherlands are usually considered to belong to two different families of welfare states: the Scandinavian and the Continental model respectively. Yet, in both states active labour market policies, or activation, have increased during the 1990s and are currently prominent. Both in Denmark and in the Netherlands activation has been viewed as an important reason for the low unemployment rates which both states have experienced since the early to mid‐1990s, hence explaining the so‐called Dutch and Danish jobs miracles. The paper examines critically the activation measures taken in both countries and their alleged positive effect upon (un)employment. It further examines their effect on rights and obligations from a citizenship perspective. The paper concludes that in both cases the positive development of labour market performance cannot primarily be attributed to activation measures. Furthermore, activation has reduced the entitlements and increased the obligations affiliated with social citizenship. 相似文献
67.
Vivianne H. M. Visschers Ree M. Meertens Wim W. F. Passchier Nanne N. K. de Vries 《Risk analysis》2009,29(2):267-287
Communicating probability information about risks to the public is more difficult than might be expected. Many studies have examined this subject, so that their resulting recommendations are scattered over various publications, diverse research fields, and are about different presentation formats. An integration of empirical findings in one review would be useful therefore to describe the evidence base for communication about probability information and to present the recommendations that can be made so far. We categorized the studies in the following presentation formats: frequencies, percentages, base rates and proportions, absolute and relative risk reduction, cumulative probabilities, verbal probability information, numerical versus verbal probability information, graphs, and risk ladders. We suggest several recommendations for these formats. Based on the results of our review, we show that the effects of presentation format depend not only on the type of format, but also on the context in which the format is used. We therefore argue that the presentation format has the strongest effect when the receiver processes probability information heuristically instead of systematically. We conclude that future research and risk communication practitioners should not only concentrate on the presentation format of the probability information but also on the situation in which this message is presented, as this may predict how people process the information and how this may influence their interpretation of the risk. 相似文献
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This paper offers a review of the theoretical and empirical literature addressing boards of directors within the unique organizational setting of family businesses. By reviewing and structuring past research, this paper aims to improve the understanding of how family involvement in firms affects the roles and behaviours of boards. The review of the literature is structured according to the family business board's two primary tasks as an internal administrative body, namely the exercise of control and the provision of advice. For both board tasks, theoretical perspectives and the match between theory and empirical findings will be discussed. The review concludes by offering an integrative discussion of the relevant theories and by highlighting the need for multi‐theoretic, process and contextualized approaches in future research on boards of directors in family businesses. 相似文献