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71.
Cross-national comparisons generally show large differences in life satisfaction of individuals within and between European
countries. This paper addresses the question of whether and how job quality and working conditions contribute to the quality
of life of employed populations in nine strategically selected EU countries: Finland, Sweden, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany,
Portugal, Spain, Hungary, and Bulgaria. Using data from the European Quality of Life Survey 2003, we examine relationships
between working conditions and satisfaction with life, as well as whether spillover or segmentation mechanisms better explain
the link between work domain and overall life satisfaction. Results show that the level of life satisfaction varies significantly
across countries, with higher quality of life in more affluent societies. However, the impact of working conditions on life
satisfaction is stronger in Southern and Eastern European countries. Our study suggests that the issue of security, such as
security of employment and pay which provides economic security, is the key element that in a straightforward manner affects
people’s quality of life. Other working conditions, such as autonomy at work, good career prospects and an interesting job
seem to translate into high job satisfaction, which in turn increases life satisfaction indirectly. In general, bad-quality
jobs tend to be more ‘effective’ in worsening workers’ perception of their life conditions than good jobs are in improving
their quality of life. We discuss the differences in job-related determinants of life satisfaction between the countries and
consider theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 相似文献
72.
Dr. Harald Pühl 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2012,19(3):335-345
The author describes a position of a supervisor in a clinical institution, which he would have rejected some years ago??to adopt a management role as supervisor and to act mainly in the role of a supervisor. But the recent experiences have shown, that this may be possible and successful. This is illustrated by a case study. 相似文献
73.
In this article, we develop a specification technique for building multiplicative time-varying GARCH models of Amado and Teräsvirta (2008, 2013). The variance is decomposed into an unconditional and a conditional component such that the unconditional variance component is allowed to evolve smoothly over time. This nonstationary component is defined as a linear combination of logistic transition functions with time as the transition variable. The appropriate number of transition functions is determined by a sequence of specification tests. For that purpose, a coherent modelling strategy based on statistical inference is presented. It is heavily dependent on Lagrange multiplier type misspecification tests. The tests are easily implemented as they are entirely based on auxiliary regressions. Finite-sample properties of the strategy and tests are examined by simulation. The modelling strategy is illustrated in practice with two real examples: an empirical application to daily exchange rate returns and another one to daily coffee futures returns. 相似文献
74.
75.
I. Väduva 《Statistics》2013,47(4):545-576
The paper presents various algorithms for generating gamma random variables, by combining rejection and composition procedures. Two efficient algorithms are given for the case when the parameter of the gamma distribution is 0<v<l. For the case vl, several algorithms are given but they (except one), work reliably only for small values of v. Results of some computer tests together with FORTRAN subroutines are also presented. 相似文献
76.
Niina Johanna Rantamäki 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2017,28(1):248-264
Alongside the ongoing renewal process of the Finnish welfare state, the role of the citizens is also revisited. So far the attention has mainly focused on how the responsibility for service provision is shared between the public sector and the service users, while the role of public services as a part of the democratic system has been more or less ignored. Based on the results from a 3-year participatory action research project called KAMPA, this article will discuss if the development of co-production in the context of public welfare services shows the way forward toward a new kind of society where democracy is an inseparable part of the structures and procedures of the service provision. The data gathered during the project (textual material, interviews, notes from meetings, and observation diaries) are analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that while legislation and official policies strongly highlight the participation of citizens and service users, there are still many obstacles to overcome at both the attitudinal and practical level. The development of co-production and arenas of a new kind of democracy requires continuity in the attempts and recognition of the achievements, but it also has the potential to demonstrate the way in which a new more lively democratic society can come true in practice. 相似文献
77.
Theory and empirical evidence suggest that parents allocate their investments unequally among their children, thus inducing within-family inequality. We investigate whether parents reinforce or compensate for initial ability differences between their children as well as whether these parental responses vary by family socioeconomic status (SES). Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) and a twin fixed-effects approach to address unobserved heterogeneity, we find that parental responses to early ability differences between their children do vary by family SES. Contrary to prior findings, we find that advantaged parents provide more cognitive stimulation to higher-ability children, and lower-class parents do not respond to ability differences. No analogous stratification in parental responses to birth weight is found, suggesting that parents’ responses vary across domains of child endowments. The reinforcing responses to early ability by high-SES parents do not, however, led to increases in ability differences among children because parental responses have little effect on children’s later cognitive performance in this twin sample. 相似文献
78.
Dr. habil. Christel Gärtner 《?sterreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie》2013,38(4):415-436
This paper will highlight to what extend Eisenstadt’s theory connects to the approach of historic generations. At first, his early comparative work “From Generation to Generation” is reconstructed. In this book, Eisenstadt presents a model of generations based on structural-functionalist assumptions; he conceptualizes the relation between generations and social change as a problem of system integration of specific age-groups on the one hand and the regulation of tensions between these groups on the other hand. Using the youth- and student movements as an example, this article shows how Eisenstadt’s interpretations change with the development of his theory. In the second part of this paper, it will be proposed how his approach can be developed further by interlocking his concept more closely with Mannheim’s theory of generations as well as other recent findings of socialization theory. It will furthermore be discussed, how his modernization theory has the potential to solve a theoretical problem inherent in Mannheim’s approach. 相似文献
79.
En route to the top. Requirements on candidates for top positionsThe assessment of candidates for positions as managing director or as an executive committee member by means of management diagnostics has been frowned upon by German companies for a long time. There has, however, been a clear change of opinion regarding this matter in the meantime. The authors have developed a model of requirements to assess the competencies and potential critical for success. Six areas of responsibility are differentiated between thereby: “Ability to cope with complexity” and “development of decidedness”, “Will to create” and “establishment of structures”, “Establishment of bonds” and “ability of self-management”, and are divided into three levels: the personal level, the co-operative level and the level of corporate culture respectively. 相似文献
80.
Timo Teräsvirta 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(10):3537-3546
This paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a mixed regression estimator to be superior to another mixed estimator. The comparisons are based on the mean square error matrices of the estimators. Both estimators are allowed to be biased. 相似文献