从乡绅到中农

最近半个多世纪以来,一般论者认为,乡土社会即使有过士绅,随着近代国家的建构和当代国家对乡村的长驱直入,他们也消失殆尽。 但是一些对乡村精英研究的缺陷是被去领土化视角下的政治观念史所左右。 在此前提下,一些政治观念的长期影响遮蔽了具体时空下的实况。 本文与上述研究的路径不同,以地势民族志方式,研究乡村领导和社会秩序。 基于最近 60 余年的地方历史,本文试图勾勒出从乡绅到中农,甚至到 21 世纪自然村社会中隐然延续的结构。 论文将探索在 60 余年间,国家通过政治 / 组织路线,对血缘 / 地缘的村落社会进行重新编织的基础上,自然村 / 村民小组及其领导人对于基层政治生活和社区维系的重要性。     

Bayesian adjustment for unidirectional misclassification in ordinal covariates

In this paper, we study the identification of Bayesian regression models, when an ordinal covariate is subject to unidirectional misclassification. Xia and Gustafson [Bayesian regression models adjusting for unidirectional covariate misclassification. Can J Stat. 2016;44(2):198–218] obtained model identifiability for non-binary regression models, when there is a binary covariate subject to unidirectional misclassification. In the current paper, we establish the moment identifiability of regression models for misclassified ordinal covariates with more than two categories, based on forms of observable moments. Computational studies are conducted that confirm the theoretical results. We apply the method to two datasets, one from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), and the other from Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial infarction Patients Health Status (TRIUMPH).     

A Bayesian Model and Stochastic Exposure (Dose) Estimation for Relative Exposure Risk Comparison Involving Asbestos‐Containing Dropped Ceiling Panel Installation and Maintenance Tasks

Assessing exposures to hazards in order to characterize risk is at the core of occupational hygiene. Our study examined dropped ceiling systems commonly used in schools and commercial buildings and lay‐in ceiling panels that may have contained asbestos prior to the mid to late 1970s. However, most ceiling panels and tiles do not contain asbestos. Since asbestos risk relates to dose, we estimated the distribution of eight‐hour TWA concentrations and one‐year exposures (a one‐year dose equivalent) to asbestos fibers (asbestos f/cc‐years) for five groups of workers who may encounter dropped ceilings: specialists, generalists, maintenance workers, nonprofessional do‐it‐yourself (DIY) persons, and other tradespersons who are bystanders to ceiling work. Concentration data (asbestos f/cc) were obtained through two exposure assessment studies in the field and one chamber study. Bayesian and stochastic models were applied to estimate distributions of eight‐hour TWAs and annual exposures (dose). The eight‐hour TWAs for all work categories were below current and historic occupational exposure limits (OELs). Exposures to asbestos fibers from dropped ceiling work would be categorized as “highly controlled” for maintenance workers and “well controlled” for remaining work categories, according to the American Industrial Hygiene Association exposure control rating system. Annual exposures (dose) were found to be greatest for specialists, followed by maintenance workers, generalists, bystanders, and DIY. On a comparative basis, modeled dose and thus risk from dropped ceilings for all work categories were orders of magnitude lower than published exposures for other sources of banned friable asbestos‐containing building material commonly encountered in construction trades.     

Intergenerational Mobility Modes and Changes in Social Class in Contemporary China

Using data from three China General Social Surveys, this paper analyzes changes in the basic situation of intergenerational mobility among social classes in China over the past 60 years. General social mobility was found to have increased, but social openness tended to show a wave-like pattern of change. Despite this, intergenerational inheritance was the main form of intergenerational mobility in every period. With the transformation of the socioeconomic system, the main mechanism of social exclusion changed from “systemic exclusion” to “market exclusion,” leading to changes in the structure of social opportunity. As a result, the form taken by intergenerational mobility varied significantly. This is chiefly evident in the gradual decline in the dominance of intergenerational inheritance among particular strata, with cross-class cyclical mobility becoming more difficult. On the one hand, changes in the social exclusion mechanism may increase social openness, making society more dynamic and strengthening social legitimacy. On the other hand, as the dominant class learns how to use market exclusion to achieve class reproduction, class solidification may still be possible in a future Chinese society.     

理性、生活与此在：海德格尔早期生命现象学的转向

文章对海德格尔 “现象学时代”之思想嬗变的讨论，旨在提供一种阐释海德格尔早期 生命哲学转向的可能思路。胡塞尔的现象学方法为海德格尔提供了表述源初生活体验的可能性；与此 同时，拒斥笛卡尔式主体性的努力，一直贯穿在海德格尔早年对关于此在的基础存在论的建构过程之 中。换言之，通过拥抱胡塞尔现象学来拒斥新康德主义的主观逻辑，与通过转向生命现象学来拒斥内 在于胡塞尔现象学之中的笛卡尔式主体性问题，这两种思想冲动同时交织在海德格尔的 “现象学时 代”探索 “源初生活体验”的哲学路向上，构成了 《存在与时间》这部 “２０世纪最伟大的反笛卡尔 文章对海德格尔 “现象学时代”之思想嬗变的讨论，旨在提供一种阐释海德格尔早期 生命哲学转向的可能思路。胡塞尔的现象学方法为海德格尔提供了表述源初生活体验的可能性；与此 同时，拒斥笛卡尔式主体性的努力，一直贯穿在海德格尔早年对关于此在的基础存在论的建构过程之 中。换言之，通过拥抱胡塞尔现象学来拒斥新康德主义的主观逻辑，与通过转向生命现象学来拒斥内 在于胡塞尔现象学之中的笛卡尔式主体性问题，这两种思想冲动同时交织在海德格尔的 “现象学时 代”探索 “源初生活体验”的哲学路向上，构成了 《存在与时间》这部 “２０世纪最伟大的反笛卡尔 主义著作”形成的 “史前史”。     

水平井中砂泥岩互层的双侧向测井响应研究

摘要：针对砂泥岩互层的复杂测井环境，采用三维有限元数值模拟方法，计算了多层介质模型的水平井双侧向测井响应。结果表明，井眼半径、泥浆电阻率和围岩（砂岩、泥岩）的电阻率及侵入半径与电阻率对水平井双侧向测井响应都有不同程度的影响。在砂泥岩地层中，井眼尺寸越大，泥浆电阻率越高，对视电阻率的影响越严重；当目的层厚大于8 m 后，视电阻率受围岩（砂岩、泥岩）影响很小，基本上反映地层的真实电阻率，并且曲线变化规律大致相同，此时可近似为三层介质模型；对于低阻侵入，侵入越深，视电阻率越偏离真实地层电阻率。     

徐家围子断陷油气运移体系及成藏模式分析

在对含油气组合特征和成藏要素配置关系综合分析基础上，根据断陷盆地发育特征以及天然气藏形成的主控因素，重点分析了地震泵对油气纵向运移的影响，建立了该区油气藏成藏模式，本区发育的油气藏类型主要有构造气藏，岩性气藏和由构造、岩性二者共同控制作用的构造—岩性气藏、地层超覆油气藏以及基岩风化壳油气藏。徐家围子断陷两期构造运动进而形成了正反转构造，为油气提供了良好的构造圈闭及纵向疏导通道。沙河子组共经历了3 次生排烃高峰，第一次由于强烈的构造活动，没有聚集成藏，后两次在其他成藏要素的配合下，最终得以聚集成藏。     

浪漫主义与后现代主义关系之分析

浪漫主义与后现代主义均为西方人文领域的重要思潮,对学术界和社会各领域均产生了深远的影响。二者的交汇点在于共同致力于对启蒙运动的批判,因而具有极大的相似之处。但是,浪漫主义与后现代主义之间存在着诸多显著差异,以故对其进行梳理具有重要的学术意义。     

混合研究方法的方法论、研究策略及应用——以消费模式研究为例

近年来,定量定性相结合的研究方法在社会科学中广泛应用,但鲜有研究注意到其方法论含义并科学地选取研究策略。事实上,学术界对于定量定性方法的结合仍有争议,而且不同的结合方法背后的本体论和认识论的含义也不同,对于研究结论的意义和作用也不同。本文以中产阶级消费模式的研究为例,详细阐述了该研究使用混合研究方法的原因、目的、方法论、具体研究策略及其应用。文章使用定量和定性的研究发现说明了混合研究方法如何丰富和深化了研究结论,如何以具有代表性的样本为背景挖掘了消费生活的复杂性和多面性。     

中国—东盟政治合作机制研究

本文根据中国—东盟区域合作发展的政治合作机制的概念及呈现的多维特性,运用政治合作的目标分解和构成要素,对政治合作机制进行综合的结构分析。通过利益泛化(低度)、制度分化(中度)和价值固化(深度)生成的三个阶段性使命目标(和睦共享、和平共处与和谐共荣)合作过程的剖析,对中国—东盟政治合作机制建设的结构性问题进行探讨,以此助推区域政治合作机制的改进和优化。