Business Collaboration within the Nazi War Machine: Corporations and the State in the Austrian Semiperiphery

The military strength of German National Socialism was based on the collaboration of large corporations with the Nazi state. Business provided capital, loans, taxes, managerial expertise and production for war industries. I elaborate four ideal‐typical modes of business collaboration. Each mode is illustrated by a case study of a German corporation that acquires an Austrian firm: Krupp (traditional mode); the Reichswerke state conglomerate (coercive); Deutsche Bank (managerial nationalist); and IG Farben (competitive investment mode). The first and the last modes occurred when the state was highly dependent on large businesses for the economic requisites of war. The acquired firms in the Austrian semiperiphery contributed to Nazi war mobilization, as they exploited labor and resources from the peripheral regions of southeastern Europe. Patterns of the state's resource dependency on business led to bargaining interactions between state and business, over time shaping the mix between state and private ownership of war industry.     

具有延误休假的一个基本可修系统的可靠性分析

本文讨论了由两个同型部件和一个修理工组成的可修系统。假定修理工空闲时进行延误休假。部件的修理时间和修理工的假期均服从一般分布，休假前的延误期为指数分布。我们求得了这个系统的可用度、可靠度和故障频度。作为特例，我们还讨论了修理工进行不延误休假的情况。     

简论建国后西南地区与东南亚的经济交往与合作

西南地区位于中国与东南亚地区的地理结合部,自古与东南亚地区有密切交往.新中国建立后,东亚国际政治和中国国内政策对西南地区与东南亚的经济交往与合作产生了重要影响.到20世纪90年代,西南地区与东南亚的经济交往与合作已经取得了重要进展.中国-东盟自由贸易区的建设将为西南地区与东南亚的合作提供难得的机遇.     

Social Harmony in Hong Kong: Level,Determinants and Policy Implications

This study aims at ascertaining how Hong Kong people perceive Hong Kong as a harmonious society. It also identifies the elements that are most conducive to social harmony in Hong Kong, so that the government could take reference when formulating new policies. 1,062 adults residents were asked to rate their perceived level of social harmony and their satisfaction with 36 items (divided into three dimensions: public governance, society, and economy, family and work) for which the research team believes would be influencing the perceived level of social harmony. Results show that the average rating of social harmony was 5.57 (out of 10), delineating a moderate level of social harmony. Subsequent multivariate factor analysis and regression analysis show that the four extracted factors (from the three dimensions) had significant impacts on the level of social harmony. These were, in order of significance: (a) public governance, (b) social solidarity and respect, (c) economy/family/work and, (d) social tolerance and progressiveness. According to the factor loadings of each significant factor, we identified four core values which we hope the government would consider when formulating new policies, as follows: (1) A Justice Government with Sincerity on Communication, (2) Mutual Support and Respect with Integrity and Dedication, (3) Dedication to One’s Job and Community by Helping the Needed and, (4) Creativity and Progressiveness with Tolerance. Implications for policy making are discussed. The study was conducted under the direction and guidance of the Fostering Social Harmony Task Force of the Hong Kong Professionals and Senior Executives Association (HKPASEA). The authors acknowledge the kind support and assistance provided by the Council Members of HKPASEA and staff members of the Centre for Corporate Governance and Financial Policy at Hong Kong Baptist University. We are also grateful to Prof. Alex Michalos and Prof. P. K. Ip for their comments and suggestions given at the International Conference on National Well-Being held in November 2006 at the National Central University, Taiwan.     

基于多重阻击的企业自我保护战略

基于多重阻击的企业自我保护战略,主要是针对我国企业在自由贸易竞争中所遇到的倾销、反倾销、保障措施和反补贴等多重阻击提出的.它要求将定价从一个战术层次上升到一个战略层面,使灵活定价的决策建立在所应拥有的差异化营销优势上;将对市场的有限占有体现在战略展望和战略规划中,以保持企业战略所应具有的动态性、适应性和持续性,从而使定价和市场份额成为企业追求利润和提高核心竞争力的源泉.因此,限制对低价营销策略的运用和约束对低端产品市场份额的过分追求,就构成了基于多重阻击的企业自我保护战略的两大原则.     

WTO中的知识产权协议与中国专利法的修改

WTO中的知识产权协议对中国专利立法和执法都产生了重大的影响,我国于2000年8月25日通过的经第二次修改后的专利法,吸纳和借鉴了WTO中的知识产权协议的有关规定,增加了对专利权人的许诺销售权;对专利的确权实行司法审查;引入了"即发侵权"理论;对"善意使用原则"作了修订,完善了对专利权的保护;明确了专利行政机关的地位,加强了执法力度;对侵犯专利权的赔偿数额做出了较详细的规定,便于司法审判机关实际操作;为及时有效地保护权利人利益,规定了临时保护措施.这些变化,都说明了中国的专利制度已经和国际专利制度基本趋同.     

对中国行政法的反思:一个香港的视角

中国的现代行政法与中国古代法律传统没有多大的延续性。相比较而言,英国行政法有着其引以为荣的绵延数世纪的历史,其重心在于对行政行为的司法审查。中国行政法的结构与英国行政法的结构截然不同。在中国的行政诉讼制度中,就司法审查的范围而言:首先,抽象行政行为不受司法审查;其次,内部行政行为不受司法审查;再者,《行政诉讼法》只授权对某些类型的具体行政行为案件进行司法审查。就行政行为的审查理由或标准而言,中国法律的有关规定要比英国或香港的较为有限。但就一方面而言,中国法律提供的审查空间和力度似乎比英国或香港更为宽泛,这便是对行政行为的事实依据的审查。     

多重边缘者：基于对D村光棍群体社会地位的考察

本文将光棍群体放在村落共同体转型背景下进行理解后发现,光棍群体社会地位低下,处于村落社区末端,他们在家庭内部、人情交往、公共生活和政治参与四个层面均被村落社区完全排斥在外,从而处于多重边缘地位。改善光棍群体的社会地位需要关注他们的生活质量以及加强村落共同体内部的组织建设。     

不同国土上的荒野--中西方女权主义文学批评的不同语境

中西方女权主义文学批评因其不同的背景有诸多差异.因为政治运动的有无,使二者一个是非文学本位的批评,一个是文学本位的批评;又因为文学传统各异,使二者一个成为立场坚定的女权主义文学批评,一个却搀杂着"女子气的批评";文化背景的不同,决定了二者对男权否定是否坚决彻底;地位沿革和现实处境的对比,则昭示着二者面对各自复杂而具体的妇女问题,当然有不同的内涵.     

辽宁乡镇企业产权制度改革中的问题与对策

本文认为 ,目前辽宁省乡镇企业产权制度改革中存在以下问题 :一是乡镇企业改制偏重出售一种形式 ;二是转制中集体资产的流失 ;三是对股份制和股份合作制的认识偏差 ;四是产权制度改革中的急于求成。针对以上问题 ,提出了目前辽宁省乡镇企业转制应采取的主要对策