18世纪中国经济变迁背景下基层司法体制考察——以土地产权纠纷审理为例

在十八世纪中国经济发展的变迁过程中,产生了许多土地产权纠纷,甚至由此导致流血冲突.州县衙门以法典为准绳并以习俗为参照,基本上禀持公平原则审理此类案件.然而法律的变更滞后于经济变迁的步伐,致使基层司法体制结构性缺陷恶化,不利于纠纷的解决.     

Ocean Protection in Times of Intense Change

The ocean represents about 71％ of the surface of the earth. This alone shows that the ocean matters, and we should protect it. The ocean is the habitat of many ...     

基于复杂系统的电力市场运营状态识别研究

基于电力市场的复杂特性及其演化规律,运用协同论,构建电力市场协同演化方程,并确定影响市场运营的主要因素;基于突变论构建势函数,划分市场运营的有序状态、警戒状态和临界状态,并提出判别规则,实现对电力市场运营状态的识别和预警,用2007年至2008年中国某区域电力市场的月度运营数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明,该区域电力市场的序参量为结算电价和社会总剩余;在研究期内,电力市场出现警戒状态和有序状态,没有临界状态,且有75%的时间处于有序运营状态;结算电价和社会总剩余的综合结果偏低或偏高时,市场都处于警戒状态。结果符合实际情况,验证了该方法对电力市场运营状态识别和预警的有效性。     

Solving the part families problem in discrete-parts manufacture by simulated annealing

In the production planning and control of discrete-parts manufacture, aggregation of parts into families, on the basis of similarity, is carried out to ease both long-horizon planning and short-horizon scheduling. Additional advantages are related to those of group technology (GT), such as simplifying the flow of parts and tools and reducing both set-up and production costs. The problem of formally forming part families is presented and discussed. Previous work is reviewed and assessed. Two solution approaches, one based on a location model, the other on simulated annealing, are presented and compared along with test results. The location formulation, which results in an integer programming model solved by Lagrangian relaxation, proved capable of producing solutions of excellent quality, but only for relatively small problem instances. In contrast, simulated annealing, which is a general heuristic approach to combinatorial optimization, produced solutions of comparable quality and could handle realistically large problem instances. However, careful design of the simulated annealing algorithm is crucially important. An effective design is presented.     

Designing and integrating composite networks for monitoring multivariate gaussian pollution fields

Networks of ambient monitoring stations are used to monitor environmental pollution fields such as those for acid rain and air pollution. Such stations provide regular measurements of pollutant concentrations. The networks are established for a variety of purposes at various times so often several stations measuring different subsets of pollutant concentrations can be found in compact geographical regions. The problem of statistically combining these disparate information sources into a single 'network' then arises. Capitalizing on the efficiencies so achieved can then lead to the secondary problem of extending this network. The subject of this paper is a set of 31 air pollution monitoring stations in southern Ontario. Each of these regularly measures a particular subset of ionic sulphate, sulphite, nitrite and ozone. However, this subset varies from station to station. For example only two stations measure all four. Some measure just one. We describe a Bayesian framework for integrating the measurements of these stations to yield a spatial predictive distribution for unmonitored sites and unmeasured concentrations at existing stations. Furthermore we show how this network can be extended by using an entropy maximization criterion. The methods assume that the multivariate response field being measured has a joint Gaussian distribution conditional on its mean and covariance function. A conjugate prior is used for these parameters, some of its hyperparameters being fitted empirically.     

莱麦草染色体组分析及染色体变异的观察

通过对有丝分裂中期及减数分裂终变期染色体数目统计,形态、行为的观察,发现莱麦草染色体呈现广泛的变异：有丝分裂中期株内染色体数目在2n＝11──56内变化,含有本物种染色体数目2n＝28的细胞仅占统计数的27．8％。减数分裂终变期出现36％具非整倍性的花粉母细胞,染色体数除数目变异外还有结构变异如Robertson易位等。本文对该种进行了染色体组分析,确认其为同源四倍体。同时对该物种株内产生混倍性的原因,在物种进化上的意义进行了探讨。     

PSS码词组输入法及教学实践

本文介绍了PSS码（拼音、声调、首笔码）汉字输入法的词组编码及输入方法,并总结了PSS码作为一门选修课的教学效果。     

知识经济与教育改革

本文通过对知识经济及其概念特征的剖析,揭示了知识经济时代对人的素质的基本要求。并由此提出了若干教育改革的方略和教育创新的要求     

中国特困供养服务的现状与问题——基于江苏省的实证研究

《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》提出要保障低收入人群的健康,特困人员供养制度作为中华人民共和国成立以来一直存在并不断发展完善的具备中国特色的社会保障制度,致力于提供特殊困难人群的生存及健康保障。近年来,我国特困供养服务保障有了重要的进展,但城乡之间、不同经济发展水平地区之间的保障差距依然存在着发展不平衡、不充分的问题。文章用定性访谈与问卷调查方法,通过对江苏省特困供养政策和实践的调查分析,了解特困供养制度的运行状况、成效与问题,并借鉴国际上特困及弱势群体救助制度和实施的经验,为我国特困供养制度的建设与完善提供参考。