基于长江经济带的金融资源与农业资本化耦合实证研究

农业资本化的本质是农业资本投入的不断增加,金融资源是实现农业资本化的根本保障,只有顺应农业资本化方向的金融资源才可减少无效或低效供给,增加有效或高效供给。本文首先从理论出发论述了金融资源与农业资本化存在相互作用的耦合机制。金融资源通过资本形成机制、技术进步机制和要素替代机制促进农业资本化发展,农业资本化的发展能带来农业生产效率和数量的提高,促进农业经营性收益增加,从而刺激农村地区金融服务产品的需求和供给得到提升,为金融资源总量增加提供累积空间。再基于长江经济带10省市2008—2019年样本数据,通过构建金融资源与农业资本化两大指标体系,运用熵值法和耦合协调度模型对金融资源与农业资本化的耦合协调程度进行实证检验。结果表明,金融资源与农业资本化的发展整体呈上升趋势,但二者存在背离的现象,农村金融资源不足或错配阻碍着金融资源与农业资本化相互促进的良性循环。     

在坚守与转换中思索人性:刘庆邦小说的空间书写

刘庆邦着眼于我国城乡社会结构的变迁,多年来坚持书写农村题材和普通矿工的平凡生活,新世纪以来创作的“保姆在北京”系列小说则将创作视点转移至进城打工的保姆群体,不变的是他对底层百姓的人道主义关怀及对人性问题的深入思索。不论是城乡交叉地带的煤矿叙事所呈现出的物理空间、心理空间和社会空间,还是“保姆在北京”系列小说中空间权力对进城乡下女性的规约与限制,都表现出刘庆邦小说明显的空间意识,也体现了他小说创作的独特价值。     

Socioeconomic,sociodemographic and attitudinal correlates of the tempo of divorce

The association between sociodemographic, demographic, and attitudinal measures and the timing or tempo of marital dissolution over a 14-year time span is examined. Separation is considered equivalent to divorce. Early and late divorce are differentiated by whether the event occurred before or after the average number of years married prior to divorce. Data were obtained on husbands and wives within childbearing years (up to 39 years) in the 1st years of the 1st marriage. A random stratified sample of 610 couples was drawn from records of marriages in a midwestern county between 1972-77. Reinterviews were conducted on 544 couples in April 1985. socioeconomic variables included educational attainment, occupational prestige, wife's employment status, wife's future work plans, husband's attitude to wife's future work plans, total family income, and level of satisfaction with current financial status. Demographic variables are age at marriage, number of children in 1985, marital duration, and desired family size. Attitudinal items were religiosity and gender role orientations (traditionalism, modernism, egalitarianism). Exposure to divorce was not equitably distributed for the 108 who divorced, but this was not statistically significant. The results indicate that those divorced earlier were wives who worked outside the home, worked at more prestigious jobs, planned to be employed throughout married life, and whose father had a higher level of educational attainment. This finding is not consistent with prior research which has shown that favorable socioeconomic conditions lower the probability of divorce. The timing of divorce was affected by the presence of children. Those married at younger ages divorced earlier and couples with children delayed divorcing longer than couples without children. These findings were consistent with earlier research. Catholic wives delayed divorce longer than non-Catholic wives. Males lower in sexual satisfaction divorced earlier. Divorce was postponed longer for husbands with traditional values and wives who had higher scores on egalitarianism. Wives with scores on modernism had earlier divorces than wives scoring lower on modernism. The tempo of divorce was in multiple classification analysis predicted best by wife's employment status and number of children. Cross-classification was not possible.     

Temporal dimensions of the fertility transition: an age-period-cohort analysis of frontier fertility

"This paper evaluates age, period, and cohort effects on marital fertility during onset of the Utah fertility transition (1880-1900). Computerized genealogies are used to derive age-period-cohort fertility rates for 49,842 once-married couples. Age, period and cohort effects on marital fertility are then estimated using Johnson's (1985) relational model. Declining marital fertility in Utah is shown to be explained by both lower fertility levels across periods and increasing age-specific limitation across cohorts. Direct cohort effects on fertility are insignificant. These results are consistent with prior research, and the view that fertility levels were adaptive (in part through birth spacing across ages) to immediate contexts of childbearing while age-specific fertility truncation increased across cohorts (in part through the more general diffusion of contraceptive innovations)."     

Today's second generation: evidence from the 1990 U.S. census

"The prospects for today's second generation will be considerably shaped by their current social, economic and demographic status. This article provides a statistical portrait of children of immigrants by analyzing data from the 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing. With the second generation defined as children under age 18 with at least one foreign-born parent, the study describes place of residence; household demographic, social and economic circumstances; household head's socioeconomic status; and characteristics of children themselves. Data on second-generation children are broken down by year of immigration of parents and child's nativity. Data for children with native-born parents are provided for comparison."     

Age at marriage,sex-ratios,and ethnic heterogamy

"This paper focuses on the effects of age at marriage and the sex-ratio on patterns of ethnic homogamy among Israeli women. We hypothesize that later marriages are more likely than early marriages to be heterogamous as the 'marriage market' shifts from school to the work-place. By the same token, when facing severe marriage squeezes women will be forced to out-marry. Employing data from the 1983 census, we model mate selection of women from Afro-Asian and Euro-American origin in various birth-cohorts. The results do not fully support our hypotheses: we find that in and of itself, age at marriage does not enhance ethnic heterogamy."     

The model of place utility revisited

"The purpose of this paper...is twofold: first, to specify a way of calculating place utility so that potential migrants could move to the place where overall place utility is maximized; and second, which is more important, to reveal how decision-makers in the real world, who are acting within 'bounded rationalities'...,make their decisions on where to migrate. This study is supported by an empirical survey of recent Chinese immigrants to Edmonton [Canada].... The findings reveal that when people evaluate different places, they do not necessarily look for the one that generates the highest overall value or utility across all properties.... The study further indicates that the assumption underlying most microeconomic models (that maximizing utility or benefit is the ultimate rule for choosing one location out of several) has not been verified." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)     

Stimulating high performance in frontline staff

When the author of this article found herself in need of emergency medical help, her role reversed from physician to patient. Unlike many patients who are traumatized by an emergency department visit, Dr. Blumberg was pleased with her treatment. However, in later reviewing the experience with her nonphysician husband, she was amazed to learn that he was left with negative feelings about how he was treated by the frontline staff and about the appearance of the facility. As a result, Dr. Blumberg wrote this article detailing the importance of frontline staff performance and exploring ways staff can be motivated to gain maximum job and patient satisfaction.