The characteristics of population growth of the Dongxiang nationality and the necessity of carrying out family planning]

For a long time, the Dongxiang nationality has lived in the area of Dongxiang, which is a part of Gu Hezhou in Gansu Province. Among the various minorities in China, the Dongxiang people has been noted for their small population. In recent years, however, their population growth rate has been very high. Statistics show their annual population growth rate was 13.5% in 1970 and 32.8% in 1980. This situation is caused mainly by the young age of the population (young persons under the age of 19 constitute 55.7% of the entire population). Because of the popularity of Islam among the people, the custom of early marriage and having children at an early age has long been a tradition. Rapid population growth has created numerous problems. Food production has been unable to keep up with the speed of the population growth, and economic development cannot satisfy the needs of the rapid growing population. The Dongxiang people are physically healthy and strong, and marriages between close relatives is prohibited. Because of the backward condition in education and culture, efforts to promote the quality of the Dongxiang population have remained slow and ineffective. Starting in 1974, the local government in Dongxiang launched extensive birth control projects and positive results have been achieved. At the present time, about 62% of its population have taken birth control measures, and the natural population growth rate dropped to 15.34% in 1982.     

第三代领导人对党的执政规律的探索与贡献

国际国内形势的新变化对我党的执政能力提出了严峻考验,不断探索党的执政规律成为新时期党的建设的一个重要课题。以江泽民同志为核心的第三代领导人全面客观地提出了依法治国和以德治国相结合的治国方略,是对党的执政方式的崭新探讨;与时俱进地提出了"三个代表"重要思想,对党的执政任务、执政本质、执政基础进行了深刻总结。     

论“职工中心主义”下的职工持股会制度

职工持股制度的萌芽始发于20世纪60年代的美国,后来其在西方国家进一步发展完善.人们普遍认为这种制度是一种企业内部对职工的激励机制,可以促进职工财产的形成,确保和发扬职工对公司的归属意识和忠诚心,从而提高企业的生产效率.20世纪90年代,为了适应国有企业改革的需要,中国的职工持股计划开始起步.随着实践的展开,职工持股会的设立与运行成为该制度中的核心问题.文章结合我国立法实践和学者的论著,从"职工中心主义"的视角,论述我国职工持股会制度的法律构造.     

董仲舒的法律思想简论

通过对董仲舒法律思想的分析,认为他以儒家宗法为核心,兼融道家、法家的一些理论,提出了反"任刑"、坚持儒法一体、提倡"均富"、"教化"等变法思想和主张,并倡导要统一当时的法律思想。董仲舒的法律思想,起到了确定中国封建社会法律思想一些基本原则的作用。     

语文学科教育学百年发展分段浅见——纪念语文学科独立设科一百周年

语文学科独立设科已整百年,伴随语文学科发展的语文教育理论研究也经过了百年的发展。认识百年来语文学科教育学的建设与发展历程,对促进语文教育理论研究,建设语文学科教育学,发展语文教育具有十分重要的意义。以人们对语文教育的认识是否发生质的飞跃,语文教育观念是否全面更新为标准,我们把语文学科教育学百年发展的历程计划分为三个大的阶段,即教授法阶段、语文教学法(教材教法)阶段、语文教育学阶段。     

论语言的“直言性”与“隐蔽性”

文章从语言各要素的变化出发,揭示语言的"不在场的东西"的文化属性,从而把语言作为一个窗口,来现察各个不同时代的社会风貌,并分析研究了现实社会中的某些现象和问题.     

Optimizing multi-stage production with constant lot size and varying numbers of batches

The model presented in this paper assumes that a uniform lot size is produced through a series of manufacturing stages, with a single set-up and without interruption at each stage. Transportation of partial lots, called batches, is allowed between stages after the whole batch is completed. The batch sizes must be equal at any particular stage, but the optimal number of equal-sized batches may differ across stages. Of course, the set-up costs, the inventory-holding costs and the transportation costs influence both the optimal batch-sizes at the various stages and the uniform lot size. An optimization method for this deterministic model is developed and is illustrated by an example.     

The Effects of the Facial Expression of Beneficiaries in Charity Appeals and Psychological Involvement on Donation Intentions

To increase the effectiveness of fundraising campaigns, many human‐need charities include pictures of beneficiaries in their ads. However, it is unclear when and why the facial expression of these beneficiaries (sad versus happy) may influence the effectiveness of charity ads. To answer these questions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the facial expression on donation intentions, while considering the moderating role of psychological involvement with charities. It found that psychological involvement with charities moderated the impact of the facial expression on donation intentions in that seeing a picture of a sad versus happy person increased intentions to give among participants with lower levels of psychological involvement, whereas the reverse was true for highly involved participants. The moderating effect of psychological involvement was fully explained by the perceived efficacy of one's donation. The findings not only contribute to our understanding of the effect of the facial expression of people pictured in charity appeals on donation behavior, but also suggest that nonprofits should tailor their ads to target potential donors with various levels of psychological involvement with charities.     

Bureaucracy Redux: Management Reformism and the Welfare State

Bureaucratic discretion is a fundamental feature of social provision,one that presents enduring difficulties for management. In general,management reform has taken two, divergent paths. One, utilizingthe familiar public bureaucratic model, seeks to control discretionthrough hierarchical command structures and standardization.The other, utilizing decentralization and privatization, regulatesand relocates discretion, using incentive structures associatedwith market or quasi-market institutions. However, it may bethat discretion will prove to be as problematic for the newpublic management (NPM) as it was for the old. This articleoffers a critical political history of management reformism,reviewing efforts to reorganize the public welfare provisionby applying new public management models to old public bureaucracyproblems. It considers the dynamics of bureaucratic discretionand reform not only as a problem of public management but aspart of the contested politics of social policymaking.     

师范专科学校的地位分析——基于中国高等师范教育的历史与现状

从师范专科学校的历史发展脉络出发,我们详细探讨了我国师范专科教育的兴与衰,见证了中国百年来高等师范教育体系的发展,总结了我国高等师范教育发展的客观规律。在回顾历史与把握现状的基础上,着重分析和研究师范专科学校在高师教育体系中的地位问题,希望能对构建我国科学的教师教育机构提供借鉴。