论恶意诉讼侵权责任中的损害

恶意诉讼行为能够满足一般侵权行为的构成要件,在理论上可以适用<侵权责任法>中一般条款的规定来追究其侵权责任.然而,<侵权责任法>关于损害范围的界定呈现出保守性的特征,在恶意诉讼之情形下,无法充分救济受害人的权益.恶意诉讼侵权行为所导致的损害,既应包括财产损害,也应包括非财产损害.在既非严格意义上的财产减少、也难认定为精神损害的边际损害发生之时,应当由法官在利益衡量的基础上,运用自由裁量权作出是否赔偿的裁断.针对恶意诉讼行为人目的多重性的特征,不仅对已发生的积极财产损失应当全额赔偿,对未来可得利益所造成的消极性财产损害也应赔偿,这对于防范恶意诉讼行为以及培育诚信规范的正当竞争秩序大有裨益.     

在地贸易统计还是属权贸易统计？——FDI对传统贸易统计的颠覆及其对策

一、传统贸易统计平衡对全球化条件下国际交易当事方利得的背离(一)现行国际贸易统计制度的基石和特征现行国际贸易统计制度定型于二战后初期。以联合国《国民核算体系》(SNA)、国际货币基金组织(IMF)制订的《国际收支手册》①和《国际贸易统计的概念与定义》为其基石。前两者都采用“在地”(residence)原则,将参与交易的个人和机构区分为一个经济体的居民(residents)和非居民(non residents),只有居民与非居民之间的交易才记入国际收支而后者规定贸易的跨境标准,其内涵是一致的,都是把跨境贸易(cross bordertrade)等同于国际贸易。对于…     

六端口技术自校准方法解的不唯一性证明

本文就六端口技术自校准方法进行了分析讨论,用解析方法和计算机模拟方法分别证明了自校准方法解的不唯一性.从而否定了自校准方法是六端口技术最突出的优点之一这个传统概念.     

Generalized exponential distribution: Moments of order statistics

In this paper, we consider the generalized exponential distribution (GED) with shape parameter α. We establish several recurrence relations satisfied by the single and the product moments for order statistics from the GED. The relationships can be written in terms of polygamma and hypergeometric functions and used in a simple recursive manner in order to compute the single and the product moments of all order statistics for all sample sizes.     

Sequential confidence intervals for the number of cells in a multinomial population

A two-sided sequential confidence interval is suggested for the number of equally probable cells in a given multinomial population with prescribed width and confidence coefficient. We establish large-sample properties of the fixed-width confidence interval procedure using a normal approximation, and some comparisons are made. In addition, a simulation study is carried out in order to investigate the finite sample behaviour of the suggested sequential interval estimation procedure.     

Blinded sample size re-estimation in clinical trials comparing several treatments

An important question that arises in clinical trials is how many additional observations, if any, are required beyond those originally planned. This has satisfactorily been answered in the case of two-treatment double-blind clinical experiments. However, one may be interested in comparing a new treatment with its competitors, which may be more than one. This problem is addressed in this investigation involving responses from arbitrary distributions, in which the mean and the variance are not functionally related. First, a solution in determining the initial sample size for specified level of significance and power at a specified alternative is obtained. Then it is shown that when the initial sample size is large, the nominal level of significance and the power at the pre-specified alternative are fairly robust for the proposed sample size re-estimation procedure. An application of the results is made to the blood coagulation functionality problem considered by Kropf et al. [Multiple comparisons of treatments with stable multivariate tests in a two-stage adaptive design, including a test for non-inferiority, Biom. J. 42(8) (2000), pp. 951–965].     

Exact Likelihood Equations for Autoregression Models with Multivariate Elliptically Contoured Distributions

Abstract

The multivariate elliptically contoured distributions provide a viable framework for modeling time-series data. It includes the multivariate normal, power exponential, t, and Cauchy distributions as special cases. For multivariate elliptically contoured autoregressive models, we derive the exact likelihood equations for the model parameters. They are closely related to the Yule-Walker equations and involve simple function of the data. The maximum likelihood estimators are obtained by alternately solving two linear systems and illustrated using the simulation data.     

On C pk Assessment in the Presence of Tool Wear

Process capability indices are routinely used in manufacturing industries for process monitoring. A basic assumption while using process capability indices is that there are no assignable causes of variation present. However, when variation due to an assignable cause is present and is tolerated, the conventional methods of capability measurement become inaccurate. In this article, we suggest an estimate of C_pk assuming that the process capability changes dynamically. We obtain an exact form of the sampling distribution in the presence of a systematic assignable cause. We discuss the problem of testing whether a given process is capable. The critical values for different sample sizes are obtained based on the sampling distribution. An example involving tool wear problem is presented.