The Role of Consultative Democracy under the Constitutional Framework and the Associated Rule of Law*

The logical sequence of China’s state governance is “governing party—consultative conferences—people’s congresses—the people.” The “governing party—consultative conferences” link in the chain involves political consultation through people’s consultative conferences. The “governing party—consultative conferences—people’s congresses” link involves a process of obtaining legitimacy for the Party’s views based on political consultations which are then translated into the national will by the system of people’s congresses. The “people’s congresses—the people” link involves the two-pronged logic of elections and governing the country according to law. The “governing party—the people” link is an illustration of the party’s mass line, which essentially involves social consultation. Consultative democracy usually includes the political consultation in the “governing party—consultative conferences” link and the social consultation in the “governing party—the people” link in the chain, both of which are connected through the system of people’s congresses. This logically determines the inner relations between the Party’s leadership, consultative democracy and the people’s congress form of representative democracy and shapes the institutionalization of consultative democracy. That is, in the process of democratic decision-making, a circular system consisting of “political consultation—legislative consultation—social consultation” is created to guide development of the actual system.     

RANKING DISCLOSURE POLICIES IN ALL‐PAY AUCTIONS

In this paper, we study information disclosure policies in all‐pay auctions with incomplete information. Two symmetric players have either high or low private value. The contest organizer observes players' values ex post, and can commit ex ante to four different symmetric information policies exhaustively: She can fully disclose or conceal the players' types, and she can disclose their types if and only if when both are high or if and only if when both are low. We characterize the unique equilibriums, and completely rank the four policies by various criteria. We find the full concealment policy extracts highest aggregate expected effort, followed by the policy of disclosing types if and only if when both are high. The policy of disclosing types if and only if when both are low induces least aggregate expected effort. Players enjoy highest expected payoffs under the policy of disclosing types if and only if when both are low; the other three policies yield the same expected payoffs to players. In terms of prize allocation efficiency, the full concealment policy is ranked highest and the full disclosure policy is ranked lowest. In between, the other two policies' rankings depend on the probability of high type. (JEL C72, D44, D82, D83, J48).     

协同理论下高空抛物法律治理模式之再完善

高空抛物之法律治理已实现分散治理向协同治理的转型。前者以“侵权+补偿”之双层责任体系保障受害人的民事权利,后者则以《民法典》上公安机关调查职责等关联性条款的设置为肇端。但受到公私法理念对立、民事单行法思维和实用主义调整思路等因素影响,协同治理模式拘泥于各部门法的个别优化,缺乏对协同观念与方案的理论关照,从而导致不同部门法之间各自为政且相互掣肘。鉴此,宜从整体和部分两个方面展开反思与完善,以协同共治理念为指引,妥善确定各部门法治理的逻辑关系及其效力范围。具体而言,一要强调可能加害人补偿责任的限制适用;二要推动高空抛物防治义务向公法属性回归,构建行政机关主导的多层次救助体系;三需对“高空抛物罪”构成要件的解释保持谦抑。     

学生标准化病人在临床专业学位研究生培养中的应用

认识标准化病人（SP）和学生标准化病人（SSP）的内涵,阐述SSP的优点和培训的方案、方法,进而说明SSP较SP具有经济、实用和操作性强等优点,这些预示着SSP的应用对我国医学高等教育产生深远的影响。     

在“理想”与“信仰”之间——也论蔡元培“以美育代宗教”的思想

著名的教育家、思想家蔡元培是中国较早在学校教育中提倡美育者之一,他的"以美育代宗教"的口号,褒贬不一.蔡元培先生对宗教负价值的认识是深刻的,批判也是尖锐的,但对宗教整体上的把握和认识确是片面的,由此产生了以美育代宗教的思想.但这在学理上是无根据的,在实践上也是不可行的.     

扎实推进青少年基础理论研究的深入和细化——第五届全国青少年研究基础理论研讨暨青少年研究协同创新研讨会综述

青少年研究不同于其他有着明确学科界定和体系的学术领域,这导致了其队伍接续和学术推进的困境.面对青年研究的学科地位问题、青年研究作为一种多学科体系的主要的研究方法和今后的方法论走向问题、如何促进青年研究的跨界融合和推进青年研究的协同创新问题,都需要我们深入研究.     

“赔命价”的基本理念及其对现代刑事法治的借鉴功能

“赔命价”在传统社会作为一种法文化对解决杀人案件具有重要的影响.但在基本理念上,“赔命价”与我国刑法之间有着很大的差别.从构建和谐法治的视角来审视,“赔命价”对我国的刑事法治建设又具有一定的借鉴作用.     

General Probability‐Time Tradeoff and Intertemporal Risk‐Value Model

This article proposes an intertemporal risk‐value (IRV) model that integrates probability‐time tradeoff, time‐value tradeoff, and risk‐value tradeoff into one unified framework. We obtain a general probability‐time tradeoff, which yields a formal representation form to reflect the psychological distance of a decisionmaker in evaluating a temporal lottery. This intuition of probability‐time tradeoff is supported by robust empirical findings as well as by psychological theory. Through an explicit formalization of probability‐time tradeoff, an IRV model taking into account three fundamental dimensions, namely, value, probability, and time, is established. The object of evaluation in our framework is a complex lottery. We also give some insights into the structure of the IRV model using a wildcatter problem.     

我国公务员“出口难”问题与对策探讨

当前公务员＂出口难＂问题已经成为我国公务员管理的＂瓶颈＂,制约了公务员队伍的良性发展。要解决我国公务员＂出口难＂问题,必须先认真研究我国公务员＂出口难＂问题的表现形式并分析其成因,才能在此基础上提出有针对性的对策建议。     

西部干旱区生态公益林法律制度创新机制研究——基于对兰州南北两山生态绿化的实证分析

由于西部干旱区特殊的自然和地理环境,生态公益林法律制度的设立和发展具有特殊的运行机制,确立了生态价值优先、统一机构领导、市场机制引入、林权流转灵活并以地方立法加以固定的正式制度安排.地方生态公益林法律制度的发展既要通过法律改革适应新形势以确立正式制度,也要在坚持法律继承的基础上尊重地方性本土资源的合理性并积极加以吸纳,或可构建更高效的制度创新机制.