试论地方政府在中小企业破产中的角色和应发挥的作用

中小企业已经成为我国经济的重要组成部分,分析了中小企业破产的内部原因和外部原因,探讨了地方政府在中小企业破产中所应承担的角色和作用.     

PRICE‐LEVEL CHANGES AND THE REDISTRIBUTION OF NOMINAL WEALTH ACROSS THE EURO AREA

We show that unexpected price‐level movements generate sizable wealth redistribution in the Euro Area (EA), using sectoral accounts and newly available data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. The EA as a whole is a net loser of unexpected price‐level decreases, with Italy, Greece, Portugal, and Spain losing most in per capita terms, and Belgium and Malta being net winners. Governments are net losers of deflation, while the household (HH) sector is a net winner in the EA as a whole. HHs in Belgium, Ireland, Malta, and Germany experience the biggest per capita gains, while HHs in Finland and Spain turn out to be net losers. Considerable heterogeneity exists also within the HH sector: relatively young middle class HHs are net losers of deflation, while older and richer HHs are winners. As a result, wealth inequality in the EA increases with unexpected deflation, although in some countries (Austria, Germany, and Malta) inequality decreases due to the presence of relatively few young borrowing HHs. We document that HHs' inflation exposure varies systematically across countries, with HHs in high‐inflation EA countries holding systematically lower nominal exposures.     

医疗纠纷实证研究与对策探讨——基于对南京市鼓楼区医调委2010—2013年受理案件的分析

目的:探索医疗纠纷发生的特点和规律,为医疗机构防范医疗纠纷提供参考依据?方法:运用一般描述性统计分析方法从纠纷数量年度分布?纠纷个案赔偿金额分布?纠纷在各医疗机构分布?纠纷所涉科室分布?纠纷患者性别?年龄以及纠纷原因构成这七个方面进行分析?结果:医疗纠纷数量平稳,三级医院成为“重灾区”;“经济赔偿”是化解纠纷的关键,且以“1~10万元”赔款最为常见;外科是医疗纠纷最为频发的科室;老年患者和少儿患者是医疗纠纷多发人群;对诊疗效果的不满是医疗纠纷的“导火索”?结论:三级医院应该加强医疗纠纷防范意识,强调“患者参与”的服务理念;对重点科室及重点人群进行重点防范;提高医护人员专业技术水平和与患者有效沟通的水平;增强医疗纠纷人民调解机制的公信力?     

北大藏秦简《教女》初识

北大藏秦简牍中《教女》一文,包括两部分内容,前一部分讲"善女子之方",即已出嫁女子在夫家之行为所应遵守的规则;后一部分讲"不善女子之方",列举了不善女子的种种劣行,以为善女子必须避免之借鉴。此文是秦人专论女教的文献,比东汉班昭之《女诫》要早300余年,是研究中国古代思想史、两性关系史与社会生活史的重要出土文献。     

物联网技术及安全问题

物联网被称为继计算机和互联网之后的第三次信息技术革命,其应用无处不在,而物联网的安全问题直接关系到它的广泛应用。从物联网的安全构架和特点出发,阐述了物联网三层体系结构中存在的安全问题,提出了解决方案和涉及到的关键技术,对感知层的安全措施进行了具体的阐述,包括密钥管理算法、安全路由协议、数据融合技术以及身份认证和访问控制,等等。最后介绍了物联网的典型应用和发展前景。     

阶层分化与农民层级迁移

“乡—城”迁移假定农民由乡村向城市迁移,这一假定遮蔽了实践中农民迁移方向的多元性,阶层分化是基本影响因素。以武陵山区龙马乡为例,田野调查发现公共品供给贫困,农民普遍要求迁移。然而实践中农民迁移路径受制于农户拥有的初始资本和可持续生计来源,不同阶层农民的迁移路径呈现层级性。农民迁移在目的地上表现为从城镇、中间集镇到中心村的地域层级,各迁移路径性质分别是非农化迁移、过渡性迁移和农村内部迁移,这种农民迁移实践可以归纳为“层级迁移”。层级迁移是农民阶层分化背景下的农民迁移基本规律。     

When Costs Are Unequal and Unknown: A Subtree Grafting Approach for Unbalanced Data Classification*

In binary classifications, a decision tree learned from unbalanced data typically creates an important challenge related to the high misclassification rate of the minority class. Assigning different misclassification costs can address this problem, though usually at the cost of accuracy for the majority class. This effect can be particularly hazardous if the costs cannot be specified precisely. When the costs are unknown or difficult to determine, decision makers may prefer a classifier with more balanced accuracy for both classes rather than a standard or cost‐sensitively learned one. In the context of learning trees, this research therefore proposes a new tree induction approach called subtree grafting (STG). On the basis of a real bank data set and several other data sets, we test the proposed STG method and find that our proposed approach provides a successful compromise between standard and cost‐sensitive trees.     

西部少数民族地区农村公共产品与公共服务的困境与对策

社会主义新农村的建设就是要大力提高农村的公共产品和公共服务事业发展,以此推动我国小康、和谐社会发展的进程。文章分析了边疆少数民族地区农村公共产品与公共服务的困境,提出了相关对策,尤其在工业化、城市化、市场化进程较慢的西部农村,建立以政府出资为主的农村公共产品与公共服务整治机制既有必要性,也有可行性。     

陈映真在鲁迅现实主义批判传统于台湾传承中的作用

鲁迅数波次影响了台湾文坛,其中最为台湾民众喜爱和接受的,即其现实主义的"战斗"精神。陈映真要对抗威权统治、批判社会丑恶,鲁迅的韧性战斗精神正是其勇气和力量的源泉。而与强烈批判性、战斗性紧密相随的敏锐性,集中体现在陈映真的多个文坛"第一"。这种敏锐而深刻的思想,来自马克思主义等社会科学理论的烛照和作家具备的自我反省能力,以及其"揭露"、"批判"背后深沉的"爱"。所有这些,陈映真又与鲁迅十分相似。就现实主义批判传统而言,鲁迅和陈映真分别辉耀于20世纪上半叶和下半叶的中国文坛,也共同成为20世纪中国文学的宝贵财富。