美丽的花朵永不凋谢——来自北京市和平里中学春蕾班的报告

１９８９年 ,全国妇联中国少年儿童基金会建立起“女童升学助学金”。１９９２年 ,这项工程更名为“春蕾计划”。１９９７年 ,北京市和平里中学面向全国招收了１１个民族的３０个女学生 ,成为首都第一家开办春蕾班的学校３年前 ,当春蕾班这些来自偏远穷困地区的小女孩初来乍到北京 ,记者在采访时就强烈地感受到 ,她们穿的虽然是学校统一定做的制服 ,但从里到外都散发着山野的泥土气息。她们一双好奇、怯懦的眼睛里分明裹藏着对大都市的陌生与不适。今天 ,就在她们即将升入高中的时候 ,记者再一次与这些曾经幸运的女孩重逢。令人惊异的是 ,这…     

男人的睡衣

女人结婚后很容易爱上睡衣,哪怕是戴上纸帽子在家徒手大扫除,只要身上穿了慵懒的睡衣,她就知道自己回来了,被放置在一个自我的、轻松的天地里,而在这个小天地里,她是自己的女王。与女人身上的花哨棉线睡衣相应成趣的是,很多男人永远是西装革履,躲在报纸背后对老婆的唠叨充耳不闻,仿佛     

智慧故事7则

海向天问道：“你是怎样才成为广袤无垠、博大无边的蓝天呢？”[第一段]     

三鹿事件之思：毒奶粉搅乱世界 谁的失职谁的过——从三鹿危机看政府公关的得与失

一场空前的食品危机震惊了全国，震惊了世界。数百人涉案被查，数十人涉嫌犯罪被抓，两名省部级、三名地厅级及县处级官员被免职或引咎辞职……经营了几十年的盈利大厂顷刻停产、数万名职工下岗待业，全省数不清的奶农守着奶牛象热锅上的蚂蚁抓耳挠腮、手足无措，有的甚至破天荒地用牛奶浇地、牛奶喂猪……     

虚拟技术的载体形式与虚拟世界的信息本质

虚拟技术是以虚拟的信息世界取代客观世界中特定客体并给人以等效感觉、知觉的技术 ,它因传感、反馈系统载体不同而分为普通计算机网络、封闭舱、信息传感紧身衣、生物电信息传感反馈体系等几种。有关虚拟世界本质的工具论、中介论、意识论各具片面性 ;将虚拟世界及其技术设施系统看作信息与载体的综合体 ,则正是各种不同角度观念的综合。关于虚拟技术与虚拟世界的若干哲学讨论对传统观念提出了重大挑战 ,如以不同载体的信息的区别取代主、客观的绝对对立 ,如虚拟世界与现实世界、虚拟实践与现实实践的信息等效性。对虚拟技术、虚拟世界及其与人类社会关系的深入理解 ,将对当代哲学观念更新作出重要贡献     

语言学家——高葆泰

宁夏大学中文系教授、当代语言学家高葆泰,长期致力于汉语和汉语方言的教学和研究。他善于思考,勤于实践,勇于创新,治学严谨,学风正派;待人诚恳,谦虚谨慎,成就卓著。1984年被宁夏回族自治区评为有突出贡献的科技专家。高教授生于1933年4月16日,甘肃榆中县人。1955年8月毕业于西北师院中文系,同年考入东北师大中文系现代汉语研究班,     

河南省劳动学会企业工作委员会第二次扩大会议综述

河南省劳动学会企业工作委员会第二次扩大会议综述王熹天张启生１９９７年６月２３日至２６日，河南省劳动学会企业工作委员会第二次扩大会议在平顶山姚孟发电有限责任公司举行，来自全省各地的６０多名代表参加了会议．会议采取企业界、学术界与劳动行政部门领导同志“三...     

浅议克林顿政府的亚太战略

冷战后美国亚太利益结构发生了重大变化：一是安全利益份量相对减轻，利益结构重心偏向经济利益；二是经济利益、政治利益与安全利益交叉渗透，它们之间的界限日益模糊；三是与冷战时期相比，在亚太地区扩展美式“民主”与“自由”成为美国亚太利益中更加重要的组成部分。克林顿政府根据变化了的亚太战略形势及自身利益结构，形成了新的亚太战略：调整大国关系，防止地区内出现能对美国利益构成威胁的敌对国家或国家集团；以双边关系为主，多边关系为辅，构筑美国在亚太地区经济政治秩序；保持前沿军事存在的规模，加强美军在亚太地区的活动，以防止可能发生的危机，并作为确保美国亚太利益的支撑点；防止大规模毁灭性武器的扩散     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

论石油存续企业的结构调整与优化改革的总体思路

石油存续企业的结构调整与优化，是当前石油企业深化改革的难点和重点问题。石油存续企业改革的核心应在明确定位的基础上，合理确定企业的主营业务与辅营业务，并以此为基础对现有的业务经营单位进行重组，最终对辅业经营单位进行结构调整和整合，实现企业的长期生存和发展。