经济与加拿大的民族社区

根据经济的需要和在不同时期对农民、伐木工人、铁路工人、建筑工人、熟练工人和非熟练工人、职员和专业人员的需求,加拿大的移民政策逐年发生着变化。自从加拿大成为英联邦成员国以来,国家的民族和文化构成情况也发生了很大的变化:1931年 1931年盎格鲁-克尔特人 60％ 40％法兰西人 33％ 27％其他民族 7％ 33％民族加拿大人(ethnic Canadians)在加拿大的发展中曾做出过巨大的贡献,诸如修筑横贯加拿大的铁路,在荒原开辟农场,以及兴建众多的加拿大城市。然而,由于这些工作大都属体力劳动性质,此类贡献也多被埋没。近些年来,随着移民法的改变,许多高级熟练工人来到加拿大,并带来他们宝贵的专业经验。本文即准备从国内和国际两个方面,探讨这种     

阿布哈兹人的生育习俗和礼仪

同孩子的生命(包括孩子出生)有关的习俗和礼仪跟结婚仪式一样,在民族学著作中通常被看成是一系列特殊的家庭礼仪,这些仪礼只有一个目的,即保障社会新成员平安出世及生活顺利。目前还没有描述阿布哈兹人生儿育女的一系列习俗和礼仪的专门著作。本文在某种程度上填补了这个空白。它是在作者对阿布哈兹人的日常生活进行多年观察的基础上写出来的,同时还利用了1982年收集到的实地考察资料。孩子出生在阿布哈兹人家里被看作是极为重要的事情。特别高兴的是生了儿子,人们把他看作是     

阿萨姆的微型泰人共同体

一泰人在印度东北部,特别是在阿萨姆的历史上曾经起过重要作用。其重要性主要表现在,他们是公元1228年从东北部发动入侵,取得成功,并在印度土地上建立起一个存在了很长时间的王国的唯一民族。从最早时期,直到莫卧尔人出现,所有其他入侵都来自西北部。泰人王国——阿霍姆(Ahom)王国——的出现,在阿萨姆历史上是如此之重要,以致那里的中世纪时期的开端即从这一时刻算起。确实,早期不列颠行政官员也认为,阿萨姆的历史只能从阿霍姆人的入侵开始。     

萨满服饰的象征意义

西伯利亚萨满服饰根据S·沙什科夫近一个世纪前的研究,每一位西伯利亚萨满都必须有:1.上面悬挂着圆铁盘和神话动物形象的卡夫坦式长袍;2.一副面具(在塔迪贝-萨莫耶德人那里是一块手帕,萨满用它蒙上眼睛,这样可以借助自己的灵光进入神灵世界);3.一副铁制的或铜制的胸饰;4.一顶帽子,作者认为它是萨满的主要特征之一。在雅库特人的长袍的背部中央,有代表“太阳”的圆盘,其中有一个穿     

在公共服务递送中运营共同生产：服务蓝图的贡献

本文认为,公共服务应从以产品为主导的逻辑转向服务途径。通过采取服务导向,公共服务递送的经验性、组织间和系统性,以及作为共同生产者的服务使用者角色,将一同被考虑。论文将通过服务蓝图的应用,解释共同生产如何操作。并介绍了高等教育中的一个案例。在这一案例中,蓝图的创建将师生汇聚在一起,专注于学生入学的设计,从而改善学生体验,并支持共同生产。      

Contraceptive use patterns within females' first sexual relationships: the role of relationships, partners, and methods

This study used the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to assess whether characteristics of females' sexual partners, relationships, and choice of contraceptive methods were associated with contraceptive use patterns within their first sexual relationship. White, black, and Hispanic females under age 25 (N=915) provided retrospective information on sexual activity and contraceptive use for first sexual relationships that occurred between 1991 and 1995. Females with older sexual partners and with same race/ethnicity partners (among Hispanics) had reduced odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. Longer sexual relationships were associated with higher odds of ever using contraception but lower odds of uninterrupted use. Females who were older at first sex, who used hormonal methods (among whites), or who switched to more effective methods during their first sexual relationships had higher odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. In contrast, switching to less effective methods during a first sexual relationship was associated with reduced odds of uninterrupted use.     

Characteristics of children in residential treatment in New York State

This study addresses three questions about the population of children and families served in the highest level of care in the child welfare system in New York State residential treatment centers (RTCs): (1) How prevalent are emotional and behavioral problems in the youth entering RTCs? (2) Has the proportion of youth with such problems increased compared to 10 years ago? (3) Are there identifiable subgroups of youth entering RTCs? One-fourth of RTC admissions in fiscal year 2001 were randomly selected from a representative sample of 16 RTCs. The study completed a standardized data collection instrument based on a review of agency records, and included information that was known at the time each child was admitted. The results show significant increases compared to t10 years earlier in the proportion of youth with mental health problems and juvenile justice backgrounds. The findings suggest that youth who traditionally have been served by other systems of care are now being served in the child welfare system. The increased treatment needs of these youth and the heterogeneity of the RTC population have important implications for policies, programs, and practice.