我国地方政府债务形成原因分析及其应对策略

政府举债是当今各国的通行做法,但财政赤字和政府债务必须有节制.目前中国地方政府债务现状存在法律法规不健全、缺乏统一的管理部门、政府债务信息严重不透明和政府大量举债容易导致财政金融风险等问题.产生这些问题的原因主要有财政体制因素造成地方政府举债,现有的银行运行机制与金融市场造成地方政府债务规模不断扩大,地方政府举债形式呈现多头进行的态势.因此,地方政府应该建立正确的财政赤字观,科学把握好财政赤字的度,扩大地方政府财政收入规模,建立健全地方政府债务管理法律法规,加强金融监督管理等.     

高校贫困生勤工助学存在的问题及对策

基于对当前高校贫困生勤工助学现状的分析,指出了其中存在的问题,提出了以人为本,切实加强贫困生勤工助学工作的工作思路,即高校必须高度重视勤工助学工作、切实贯彻弹性学制、强化贫困生勤工助学的基础性工作,同时在宣传导向上,应鼓励、帮助大学生工读自立,且应对受资助大学生予以更人性的关怀。     

冯茂辉:我觉得漆画很有意思,就一直坚持着漆画创作

17:20冯茂辉也相约到达廖笑炎工作室。SHMJ:冯茂辉,听说你现在是职业画家了。冯茂辉:我原来在学校,后来考研,在新疆读了三年书,读的壁画专业。最早的时候是在中央工艺美院读的。SHMJ:在中央工艺美院学的什么专业?冯茂辉:平面设计。后来喜欢上漆画,就跟福建的老师做漆画,现在一直在做漆画。SHMJ:福建的漆画在全国还是很有影响的。你怎么对漆画感兴趣的,你之前学的并不是这个专业。冯茂辉:这与我的家族有关系。我爸爸的几个兄弟都是做油漆的,我们家     

网络LOVE,围城之外的另类选择

洁白的婚纱,一生一世的诺言,组合成一场完美的婚札,也是婚姻片头的一场烟花。从此后,柴米油盐酱醋茶,平淡发水的相依为命混淆了对爱情信仰的视听。从什么时候,你开始对身边的他悄悄地厌倦了?难道,这就是所谓的七年之痒?敌不过鼠标键盘的硬件诱惑? 时下,越来越多的已婚女人进入网络,在虚拟的世界寻找感情的慰藉,越来越多的婚姻造遇网络恋情,人们不仅要问,我们的婚姻怎么了……     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

“钞”和“抄”词义演变考

现代汉语中,"钞"主要指钱币,而"抄"多表书写、抢掠等动词义。历史上"钞"和"抄"的词义交错纷繁,"钞"由"用以叉取的金属器具"引申出书写、劫掠等动词义;魏晋时"抄"作为"钞"的另一种书写形式出现,至唐宋逐渐替代了"钞"的词义;宋代"钞"成为指代纸币的专有名词。     

敢叫日月换新天

上个世纪70年代初,天津知识青年长征队徒步一千多公里来到山西最南端的平陆县穷困山区毛家山插队落户,他们的事迹当时闻名全国。那时,我还在平陆县文化馆工作,应山西省出版社约稿,要求我画一套《战斗在毛家山的知识青年》组画。为此,1970年8月的一天,我来到毛家山采访,找素材,正遇上第二天全体知青要到几十里外的黄家庄原始森林去背树。翌日,我和毛家山的知青半夜三点起床,早饭后一起去黄家庄,赶到时已中午12点了。这里山高路远,沟壑纵横,山路崎岖,路途艰难。因为交通不便,当地人很少出门,据说许多人还没见过汽车,甚至连自行车都没见过。任何交通工具在这里     

普京与奥巴马的“对台戏”

普京，国际上公认的政治强人，在世界政治舞台上已经活跃了十几年。自1999年从叶利钦手中接过俄罗斯总统的职位以来，他强硬果断的政治风格不仅影响着国内的方方面面，也对国际关系．尤其是美俄关系带来强烈影响。2013年，普京卸下总理职务，重新竞选，又赢得了俄罗斯总统的宝座。     

要相爱一辈子

那年，他们俩刚刚考上大学，他是从偏远农村出来的孩子，她也是。     

传奇谢和赓

传奇谢和赓天粒带着景仰之情，与谢老交往日久，知道了他许多神奇的往事。突然有一天，一个偶然的机会，他向我谈起自己曾经遵从的穆斯林生活习惯，我才大大地惊讶了！他──一位汉族中共地下工作者，为了革命事业，忠诚地奉献了许多、许多……１９３７年７月的一天，在广...