《文子》与《淮南子》究竟谁抄谁的

众所周知,《文子》与《淮南子》有大量相同的文字和章节,究竟谁抄谁的呢?过去多认为是《文子》抄袭了《淮南子》。如章炳麟《菿汉微言》说:“今之《文子》,半袭《淮南》,所引老子,亦多怪异,其为依托甚明。”《文子》被认为是伪书的典范,被斥为“伪中出伪”。一九七三年,河北定县西汉前期古墓中发现了《文子》竹简,《文物》一九八一年第八期《定县40号汉墓出土竹简简介》中说,已整理出与今本《文子》相同的文字六章,部分或系佚文。时至今日,人们仍未见到由竹简整理出的《文子》。学术界虽有唐兰、艾力农等人力主《文子》为先秦古籍,但因《简介》所引简文仅数十字,伪书说又根深蒂固,至今仍持怀疑、     

邓小平同志党的思想建设思想初探

邓小平同志是我国各族人民公认的享有崇高威望的杰出领导人。他一贯十分重视党的思想建设,在其伟大的革命实践活动中继承、发展和丰富了马克思列宁主义和毛泽东同志关于党的思想建设的思想,为党的建设和伟大的共产主义事业作出了卓越的贡献。 邓小平同志在党的思想建设方面有哪些重要思想,作出了哪些卓越贡献呢?     

试论山谷词中抒情主人公的情感因素

通读《全宋词》所载191首黄庭坚词,我们觉得山谷词中抒情主人公的心灵世界是极其复杂、丰富,且又是极其定性、有序的;它之所以“能动摇人心”(山谷《小山词序》),令人们评说不尽,其原因就在这里。 山谷词中的抒情主人公,不是一个“纯粹的我”、“绝对的我”,而是一个在不断     

宗教事务依法管理的路径及基础——以四川藏区依法治理为视角

Under the situation that traditional beliefs have remained basically unchanged while the social economy has developed and population mobility has increased, with the trend of an in-creasing diversity in beliefs, and an increasing number of religious followers and temples, the management of religious affairs has become more difficult. In ethnic areas, the speed of moderniza-tion has accelerated, ethnic interactions are fre-quent, and the beneficial conflict or cultural con-flict among various ethnic groups has become nor-mal; the impact of modernity, ways of life, the value and ideals of the temples’ traditional culture and educational model brings new social pressure for the monks who are adapting to modernization, and making a leap in development while safeguard-ing traditional rituals, culture, religious education and development. The number of criminal cases involving monks has increased, which brings a strong negative influence to the religious followers in Tibetan areas. All these factors are directly in-fluencing the stability and harmonious development of the Tibetan areas. As the second-largest Tibetan area, the geo-graphical location of Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is u-nique. In ancient times, the policy of “keeping the Tibetan areas stable means keeping Kham sta-ble at first” had been an important measure for the central government to manage all of the Tibetan ar-eas. From the Qing dynasty to the present times, it still has a practical use, and even has special val-ue in the process of safeguarding the “long-term stability of Sichuan”, especially when the people have but a hazy understanding of the relationship between the freedom of faith and managing reli-gious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas, and one needs to have a legal response to it. Hence, “keeping Kham stable” needs to depend on the law, and legal means should be taken to safeguard the harmony and stability of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan. Management of the religious affairs according to the law is an inevitable requirement for China to promote the goal of ruling the country by law, com-prehensively deepen reform, and promote the mod-ernization of the country’s governance system and capability. Based on an active response to the guidance principle of strengthening the manage-ment of religious affairs according to the law pro-posed by the Central Government, and the Sichuan Provincial Government, we should standardize reli-gious activities and affairs, insist on a combination of legal management and policy guidance, adopt various measures, search for a practicable path to realize the significant goal of managing the religious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas of Si-chuan. This article proposes some methods of man-aging the religious affairs according to the law as follows:1 ) To insist on the CPC’s leadership in reli-gious work and management of religious affairs;2 ) to actively and reliably promote the systematic con-
struction of the legalization of religious affairs;3 ) to insist on the combination of legal management and policy guidance;4 ) to encourage the public to manage religious affairs according to law; 5 ) to standardize the scale and number of monks by u-sing new methods of management;6 ) to strengthen the role of the “four troops” ( Party and Govern-ment leading cadres,ethnic religious work cadres, ethnic minority cadres and talents, and religious believers ) , especially religious believers; 7 ) to make full use of the regulatory framework of the Buddhist community; 8 ) to create conditions for those monks who wish to return to secular life;9 ) to distinguish the boundary between normal and il-legal religious activities, between folk custom and extreme religious concepts; 10 ) to identify and distinguish between “monks and lay people”, and“ordinary cases and religious cases”. At present, there are four foundations for managing religious affairs according to the law:1 ) the idea that freedom of faith is not only one’s right, but also one’s duty has gradually enjoyed popular support;2 ) there is a good policy base for managing religious affairs according to the law;3 ) there is a relatively strong theoretical basis for managing religious affairs according to the law;4 ) there exists good legal support for managing reli-gious affairs according to the law.     

亚太地缘战略架构下的香港主权回归──机遇·潜能·合力

随着21世纪经济动力重心和国际战略焦点区域将移至亚太地区这一大趋势，亚太地区地缘经济和政治战略地位明显上升。那么在这一地缘战略架构下的香港主权回归就大大超乎了其本身的意义和价值。它对于中国在亚太地区乃至整个世界范围内经济实力的增强、政治张力的扩大及潜能强力的聚合均有助推作用，并将迅速改变亚太地区的经济和政治格局。     

试论教育理论向教育观念转化的演进机制

试论教育理论向教育观念转化的演进机制陈泓（平原大学学报）王长乐（江苏财专学报）教育实践对教育理论的冷漠和不以为然，使教育理论家们感到失落甚至难堪。一些教育理论家们抱怨教育体制的封闭和保守，使许多前沿且实用的教育理论被束之高阁，未能发挥理论应有的效能。...     

幻境与长恨——论《长恨歌》的情节和主题

白居易的《长恨歌》是唐诗中的宏篇巨制,是我国文学史上最优秀的长篇叙事诗之一。自从《长恨歌》问世一千多年来,人们对它的理解和认识一直存在着分歧。从建国后学术界对其主题的争论来看,就有爱情说、讽谕说、爱情和讽谕兼而有之的双重主题说等。考察各家之争论,觉得对《长恨歌》的结尾所描写的玄宗派遣方士去东溟蓬莱,访杨妃幽灵这一重要情节的解释,还不够清楚。对这一情节的理解。可以直接关系到对长诗主题思想的认识,因此,本文准备就这个问题进行分析探讨。     

略论规律和范畴的关系

人们的认识是对客观物质世界的反映。这种反映,采取的是概念、规律和范畴等形式。正如列宁指出的:“自然界在人的认识中的反映形式,这种形式就是概念、规律、范畴等等。”作为人类认识结晶的各门科学,由于它们所研究的具体对象和范围不同,都有自己特定的概念、规律和范畴。可以说,任何一门科学的理论体系,都是由该门科学特定的概念、规律和范畴所构成的。而唯物辩证法的科学理论体系,则是由一系列普遍适用于自然界、社会和人类思维的基本规律和范畴所构成的。那么,概念、规律、范畴这些反映形式,它们之间是完     

蒙元时期蒙畏民族关系发展及其影响

蒙古帝国开辟的辽阔疆域促进了畏吾儿与其他民族的交流、合作.但蒙古帝国和元朝的三次西征和内战则对畏吾儿居住地的经济文化发展产生了消极的影响.与此同时,畏吾儿民族作为被统治民族为蒙古帝国和元朝经济文化的发展做出了重要的贡献,并成为蒙古人在经济管理和文化教育方面的良师益友.     

如何认识出兵援朝决策过程中的一封电报

1950年 10月中国在是否出兵援朝的决策过程中 ,曾出现过两种不同的意见。一种主张接受北朝鲜金日成首相的请求立即出兵 ,一种主张出兵的条件尚未具备。以毛泽东为首的我党决策人经过缜密、慎重的研究后 ,曾给苏联发出了“暂不出兵”的电报。该电文的发出 ,是当时我党领导人在决策过程中意见暂不统一的真实反映 ,而非出于策略上的考虑