唐代开元盛世的边疆格局及其西北民族关系——以敦煌遗书P.2555陷蕃组诗为中心

敦煌遗书P.2555是一卷重要文书,其中陷蕃组诗七十二首,反映出当时唐代开元盛世的边疆格局及其与西北各民族之间的复杂关系。P.2555陷蕃组诗集中体现的是唐代开元后期大唐与吐蕃、突骑施、大食、突厥等边疆关系,其创作时间可以推定为开元二十二年冬到开元二十四年秋,不是过去通常认为的敦煌沦陷时期或沦陷前夕。陷蕃组诗作者所称呼的"王都护姨夫"即安西都护王斛斯,唐开元后期镇守西域边关的重要统帅,而陷蕃组诗作者身份为大唐出使塞外戎乡的"富有宰相之望"的吏部尚书、皇室宗亲李暠,不是过去通常所提的毛押牙、马云奇。     

互联网医疗服务法律监管研究

随着互联网技术的进步以及医疗改革的深入,互联网医疗服务成为新生业态.然而,我国互联网医疗服务法律监管体系还不够完善,缺乏统一规范的监管体系,多头监管、个人隐私隐患大、纠纷处理解决机制不健全等现实困境尚未解决,不利于互联网医疗服务行业的发展和人民群众身心健康.为解决上述问题,通过梳理发达国家的成功经验,如美国的移动医疗应用程序监管和个人隐私保护、欧盟的互联医疗数据管理、英国的行业协会监管等,结合我国现有国情,建议从完善立法体系、建设隐私保护机制、构建行业监管、明晰医疗服务主体责任等方面健全互联网医疗法律监管制度,以期推动互联网医疗服务行业发展,保障医患双方的合法权益.     

深圳特区产业结构变迁与经济增长

通过对深圳市1979—2009年的经济统计数据进行回归与图表分析,描述深圳市的产业结构状况及其形成过程,指出了深圳开Z30年来虽经济成就斐然,但产业结构相比20世纪90年代仍无实质改变。文章依据分析思路认为深圳尤应加速推进产业结构转换、升级,提升第三产业产值在GDP中的比重,形成更高效率经济增长方式并优化产业结构,从而实现经济体的现代化转型。     

西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

小议传媒责任之伦理诉求

伴随着信息化时代的到来,媒体的功能逐渐强大,同时,媒体的道德失范现象也日益凸现。当前传媒责任缺失的四大表征：真实性的缺乏、公正性的缺位、媒体腐败以及媚俗化倾向,不仅极大影响了传媒业的健康发展,同时也成为人们对传媒责任之伦理诉求的现实背景。     

语言的“不可译性”简析

语言的“不可译性”既有“文化不可译性”与“语言不可译性”之分,也有“相对不可译性”与“绝对不可译性”之别,应该具体分析和区别对待。研究语言的“不可译性”,有利于进一步了解不同语言和文化的异同,也有助于进一步探讨翻译理论,尤其是翻译标准。     

多车场集送一体化车辆调度问题及其遗传算法研究

针对物流配送中的多车场一体化车辆调度问题提出了智能处理方法,采用了基于自然数的一体化配送对路径表示方式,用里程约束来控制车场的插入,以增加惩罚的方式加入时间窗约束。并且根据具体约束情况设计了改进的遗传算法,采用了动态染色体、改进的交叉和变异法、内部扰动和外部扰动等技术,提高了遗传算法的优化效率和优化效果。介绍了此算法的原理,给出了具有一个代表性算例试验结果和结果分析。试验结果表明了此方法对优化有里程和时间窗约束的多车场一体化车辆调度问题的有效性。     

宅基地使用权流转效力的异化与演进--基于立法与司法的比较

我国宅基地使用权流转制度的顶层设计,在基本法层面,并没有明确禁止宅基地使用权的流转,但各地法院的司法指导意见和审判实践却推衍出宅基地使用权流转的法律效力以认定无效为原则,以认定有效为例外的处理规则。这种隐性制度安排,实际造成宅基地使用权“产权”制度不明晰,使宅基地使用权无法实现资源最优配置的流转。因此,有必要理清宅基地使用权流转的标准和尺度,回归兼顾效率和保障的价值理念,对宅基地使用权流转效力的判定,应当主要考虑宅基地使用权流转是否违反了宅基地规划或用途管制。国家对宅基地使用权流转的法律治理,可以从仅管地、不管人的角度切入,对符合土地规划和用途管制的宅基地使用权和农村房屋的流转,法律承认其转让的效力,反之,则应当认定无效。     

黎县长的信仰

大学毕业好几年了,眼看身边的几个秘书先后升为主任、局长,只有我还死守县政府"一秘"的阵地。老婆说我不是"一秘",是"便秘",不懂得疏通。我很委屈,这几年,逢年过节,跑几个领导家里比伺候亲爹还孝顺,怎么叫不懂得疏通呢?时不利兮奈若何!老婆却有老婆的见地:"你个个都孝顺,等于个个都得罪,均衡施肥就会颗粒无收。人拍马屁的能力是有限的,而领导需求是无限的,以有限拍无限,输定了,必须     

忆北大老师及其他--访马学良先生

钟 :马老 ,今天是 91年 6月 2 6日 ,在民族学院。我想请问您的学历及怎么样学习的 ?马 :我是 1913年生 ,家在山东省荣城县 ,在山东半岛角上。出生是阴历 6月2 2日。前几年我的学生给我做寿 ,还搞成阳历了。小时我在本县读书 ,穷家庭出身。中学在威海卫读的。 1934年考上北京大学。到北京来考的。那时交通也不方便 ,不过比科举时方便一点。钟 :您在哪儿考大学的 ?马 :我是在沙滩红楼考的。我们这种人 ,生不逢辰呀 ,老天爷也不照顾。我记得考的那天下大雨 ,水没大腿以上。我住在西单的会馆 ,早上冒大雨走去沙滩。钟 :怎么不坐电车去 ?马 :那时…