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991.
Blogging, though a personal medium for self-expression, has also become a channel for public relations to represent organizational interests. This study addresses blogger considerations of public relations in such a personal arena. Results show that as bloggers go through an evolutionary process of blogosphere introduction, community membership, and autonomy, which influences their content considerations and willingness to work with public relations practitioners. 相似文献
992.
Little comparative work has been conducted on the environmental belief systems and behaviours of conventional and organic farmers, especially in relation to farming culture, the environment and lowland farmland avifauna. Adopting a modified behavioural approach, this paper analyses the ways in which the environmental attitudes and understandings of farmers in central-southern England influence their behaviour. Key stakeholder and farmer interviews and a focus group discussion showed how some organic farmers tend to have small, diverse and untidy farms, ecocentric attitudes and a non-exploitative approach towards farming which includes an appreciation of farmland birds. This often contrasts with the tidy, well-organised conventional farmers with their larger, specialised farms, technocentric attitudes and exploitative view of nature, frequently related to creating pheasant cover and the belief that corvids and birds of prey are vermin and should therefore be eradicated. However, these attitudes and behaviours may not necessarily be representative of any differences between those farmers loosely labelled as ‘organic’ and ‘conventional’. 相似文献
993.
Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Sun-Jeong Park Zhiqiang Cheng Hanbae Yang Elizabeth E. Morris Meaghan Sutherland Brian B. McSpadden Gardener Parwinder S. Grewal 《Urban Ecosystems》2010,13(4):483-497
The main objective of this study was to characterize variation in soil chemical properties with length of urbanization period
and distance to roads. Urban boundaries from 1920’s (old), 1960’s (middle) and 2000’s (new) were identified for three cities
in northeast Ohio: Massillon, Wooster and Canton. Within each identified historic boundary, soil samples were collected from
two road-side and two interior lawns in one public school site in each city. Thus, there were three urban age and two distance-to-roads
classes. Soil particle composition and basic chemical properties including pH, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium
(K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrate, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and soil
organic matter (SOM) were measured. Two notable spatio-temporal patterns appeared repeatedly in the data set. First, total
C, total N and SOM were higher in the soils of old (>50 years) urban sites than of newly developed sites. Similar, but not
always significant, trends in soil pH, and exchangeable Ca were also observed. Second, road-side soils had higher pH, Ca,
total C and N than interior sites regardless of urban age. These data indicate that key soil chemical properties can vary
in predictable ways with urban age and distance-to-roads classes. Such variations in key soil chemical properties may influence
or reflect soil biota and biogeochemical processes in urban soils. 相似文献
994.
The Role of Values and Unity in Family Businesses 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study tests the application of an ecosystems perspective on family businesses. Specific focuses are given to values,
resources and unity within family businesses. Two separate samples are examined, the American Family Business Survey and a
multilevel sample. Results from this study support the ecosystems perspective. Family businesses are shown to vary by their
value for family growth in comparison to business growth. This value variation across family businesses was shown to predict
internal goals and resource transfers within family businesses. This study also shows the benefit to family businesses in
unifying values across individuals, as unity of values is a stronger predictor of satisfaction even when controlling for the
family business’ tendency to privilege the family or business growth. 相似文献
995.
Wiens BL 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2006,5(4):265-271
Noninferiority testing in clinical trials is commonly understood in a Neyman-Pearson framework, and has been discussed in a Bayesian framework as well. In this paper, we discuss noninferiority testing in a Fisherian framework, in which the only assumption necessary for inference is the assumption of randomization of treatments to study subjects. Randomization plays an important role in not only the design but also the analysis of clinical trials, no matter the underlying inferential field. The ability to utilize permutation tests depends on assumptions around exchangeability, and we discuss the possible uses of permutation tests in active control noninferiority analyses. The other practical implications of this paper are admittedly minor but lead to better understanding of the historical and philosophical development of active control noninferiority testing. The conclusion may also frame discussion of other complicated issues in noninferiority testing, such as the role of an intention to treat analysis. 相似文献
996.
Using data from two large-scale household surveys in 1987 and 1994, we estimate wage equations which show substantial increases
in returns to university education for young Irish workers over the period, despite the exceptional increase in numbers with
these qualifications. Returns to non-degree third level certificates and diplomas fell in relative terms, but returns to qualifications
obtained by those leaving school at about 16 years of age rose. We argue that the increased return to university education
primarily reflects the generalised shift in demand towards skilled labour internationally and the open nature of the Irish
labour market. However, a floor may have been placed under earnings for low-skilled youth by the increased generosity of income
support available to them.
Received: 29 December 1997/Accepted: 7 August 1998 相似文献
997.
Theory suggests that the decision to return to employment after childbirth and the decision to breast-feed may be jointly determined. We estimate models of simultaneous equations for two different aspects of the relationship between maternal employment and breast-feeding using 1993-1994 data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Infant Feeding Practices Study. We first explore the simultaneous duration of breast-feeding and work leave following childbirth. We find that the duration of leave from work significantly affects the duration of breast-feeding, but the effect of breast-feeding on work leave is insignificant. We also estimate models of the daily hours of work and breast-feedings at infant ages 3 months and 6 months postpartum. At both times, the intensity of work effort significantly affects the intensity of breast-feeding, but the reverse is generally not found. Competition clearly exists between work and breast-feeding for many women in our sample. 相似文献
998.
Urban Ecosystems - Coastal development is expanding globally in response to mass human migration, yet urban planning guidelines often overlook the problems that human encroachment on or near... 相似文献
999.
1000.
Orion Mowbray Bryan G. Victor Joseph P. Ryan Andrew Moore Brian E. Perron 《Journal of social work practice in the addictions》2017,17(4):352-373
Foster care involvement due to parental substance use is a common problem with many challenges associated with service delivery. Using administrative data from a Midwestern state between the years 2009 and 2015 (N = 17,420), this study examines characteristics of substance-abusing families at the time of entry into the foster care system and estimates the risk of reentry subsequent to reunification. Bivariate findings and survival analysis for reentry suggests substance-using parents are more likely to be involved in additional allegations associated with foster care involvement. These results highlight the need for improved services integration and coordinated delivery among service systems. 相似文献