Modal non‐linear regression in the presence of Laplace measurement error

In this paper, we propose a robust estimation procedure for a class of non‐linear regression models when the covariates are contaminated with Laplace measurement error, aiming at constructing an estimation procedure for the regression parameters which are less affected by the possible outliers, and heavy‐tailed underlying distribution, as well as reducing the bias introduced by the measurement error. Starting with the modal regression procedure developed for the measurement error‐free case, a non‐trivial modification is made so that the modified version can effectively correct the potential bias caused by measurement error. Large sample properties of the proposed estimate, such as the convergence rate and the asymptotic normality, are thoroughly investigated. A simulation study and real data application are conducted to illustrate the satisfying finite sample performance of the proposed estimation procedure.     

A Proportional Hazards Regression Model for the Subdistribution with Covariates‐adjusted Censoring Weight for Competing Risks Data

With competing risks data, one often needs to assess the treatment and covariate effects on the cumulative incidence function. Fine and Gray proposed a proportional hazards regression model for the subdistribution of a competing risk with the assumption that the censoring distribution and the covariates are independent. Covariate‐dependent censoring sometimes occurs in medical studies. In this paper, we study the proportional hazards regression model for the subdistribution of a competing risk with proper adjustments for covariate‐dependent censoring. We consider a covariate‐adjusted weight function by fitting the Cox model for the censoring distribution and using the predictive probability for each individual. Our simulation study shows that the covariate‐adjusted weight estimator is basically unbiased when the censoring time depends on the covariates, and the covariate‐adjusted weight approach works well for the variance estimator as well. We illustrate our methods with bone marrow transplant data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Here, cancer relapse and death in complete remission are two competing risks.     

信息时代的互联网络与政治权力

不可否认,当今社会正处在信息时代,作为信息资源重要平台的互联网络,已渗透到人类生活的方方面面,并影响到政治生活、政治权力。分析研究信息时代背景下互联网络与政治权力的关系,既为政府正确引导和发展互联网络提供了一个新视角,也为政府迎接新时代的挑战、应对互联网络的负面效应提供了新思路。     

Economic Inequality is Associated with Lower Internet Use: A Nationally Representative Study

Social Indicators Research - Previous studies have documented the associations of objective class with either social capital or subjective social status, yet little attention has been paid to the...     

Smoothed bootstrap bandwidth selection for nonparametric hazard rate estimation

A smoothed bootstrap method is presented for the purpose of bandwidth selection in nonparametric hazard rate estimation for iid data. In this context, two new bootstrap bandwidth selectors are established based on the exact expression of the bootstrap version of the mean integrated squared error of some approximations of the kernel hazard rate estimator. This is very useful since Monte Carlo approximation is no longer needed for the implementation of the two bootstrap selectors. A simulation study is carried out in order to show the empirical performance of the new bootstrap bandwidths and to compare them with other existing selectors. The methods are illustrated by applying them to a diabetes data set.     

Vegetation on and around large-scale buildings positively influences native tropical bird abundance and bird species richness

High population growth in the tropics is driving urbanisation, removing diverse natural ecosystems. This is causing native species to suffer while introduced synanthropes flourish. City planners are developing urban greenspace networks, in part trying to address this issue. Architects contribute to these greenspace networks by designing elevated and ground level green spaces on large-scale buildings. However, little evidence is available on whether building green spaces support native fauna. This is true for birds in tropical Singapore that support important ecosystem services and have existence value. Therefore, in this study, we conducted bird surveys and statistical analyses to determine, if and how vegetation on three building green space types (ground gardens, roof gardens and green walls) have a positive impact on native or introduced bird species. We found that elevated greenery (roof gardens and green walls) on large-scale buildings supported a higher richness of birds and abundance of urban native birds than control roofs and walls without vegetation. Ground gardens supported similar levels of native species as roof gardens but also a larger proportion of generalist synanthropes. However, we found no tropical forest habitat specialists across any space type. Therefore, we recommend roof gardens and ground gardens as a potential space for urban natives outside of a less competitive ground-level urban environment. Our study also found certain building design elements (height of elevated space, presence of specific plants) supported different species groups. Therefore, we suggest that these ecological requirements for different species groups are considered when designing a building’s green space.

     

无线保真技术在图书馆的应用

本文主要叙述了无线保真概念及其特点,无线网络在图书馆的应用,国内外图书馆无线网络的发展状况,以及在图书馆构建无线网络需要注意的有关问题．     

浅析高校贫困生思想心理问题的成因及对策

随着我国教育事业的不断发展,社会各界的共同努力促使越来越多的学生进入高等学府深造。由于社会贫富差距日益加大,高校贫困生的队伍也在逐年递增,随之而来的思想、心理问题也不断出现。针对这一现象,首先阐述了高校贫困生的思想、心理问题的现状,认为高校贫困生多有自卑、嫉妒、虚荣等不良思想;然后从社会、学校、家庭和个人四个方面着手,对这些问题的成因进行分析,认为社会的大环境、学校和家庭教育的缺陷以及自身的性格造成了大学生思想、心理问题的出现;最后根据原因,分别从上述四个方面提出解决问题的方法,即加强全社会思想政治教育、完善学校相关制度、正确进行家庭教育和自我教育。     

浅谈二十世纪的文化哲学对中国社会发展的影响

文化哲学不仅仅是从哲学的角度研究文化的本质,更是从文化的角度构建某一时期的社会历史。在近代中国社会形成和发展过程中,不期而遇的中西文化哲学在碰撞融合中形成了新的思潮,产生了较大影响。     

On high fertility rates in developing countries: birth limits, birth taxes, or education subsidies?

In this paper, we consider two types of population policies observed in practice: birth limits and birth taxes. We find that both achieve very similar equilibrium solutions if tax revenue finances lump-sum transfers. By reducing fertility and promoting growth, both birth policies may achieve higher welfare than conventional education subsidies financed by income taxes. A birth tax for education subsidies can achieve the first-best solution. The welfare gain of the first-best policy may be equivalent to a massive 10–50% rise in income, depending on the degree of human capital externalities and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution.