日本入明僧携回的中国物品——以策彦周良为例

日本入明僧携回的中国物品中,尤其是以典籍、书画、日用器物等为多.典籍主要来自三种渠道,一是明廷所赐,二是相知馈赠,三是自购所得.但策彦周良的两次入明都不见政府之间的赐予或请求记录,可见十六世纪中叶左右日本对中国典籍的需求有所缓和.而携回的书画作品除了少量自购外,大多来自明朝文人所赠,其中包括数量不少的各种序跋.但与宋元、明初不同的是,策彦周良携回的作品中鲜见禅林墨迹,文人字画占绝对优势,这显示了此时的中国禅林在日本的影响已是今非昔比.     

公共行政学:政治与行政的两分法争论

结合学科史演进的历史叙事,分析个体知识世界的因素,威尔逊关于政治与行政关系的思想实质上是作者对他在早期著作<国会政体>一书中所遇到困惑的回应.威尔逊在这部著作中指出了行政在议会主导模式下的诸多弊病.随后的研究中,作者把上述问题的解决寄托于强化行政执行、集中行政权威和约束政治权力上.进入作者意识世界所获得的新认知启示我们构建一种指向中国特色公共行政的研究取向,把握中国行政学研究和政府管理的突出问题,有效回应规范化研究的吁求,以及责任性政府的召唤.     

20世纪30年代苏区的疫病流行及其防治

20世纪30年代苏区党和政府面对严重的疫病流行,采取了一系列积极的应对举措,有效地控制了疫病的流行和蔓延,并且积累了丰富的防疫经验,为其后陕甘宁边区及新中国的卫生防疫事业奠定了牢固的基础。     

艺术治疗:培育地震孤儿同伴交往意识的新尝试

本文对地震孤儿团体实施以同伴交往为主题的绘画艺术治疗,通过专家评分、作品分析和深度访谈,企图了解作品中空间表现的发展如何影响该地震孤儿的同伴关系发展.结果表明:(1)地震孤儿在艺术治疗中所表现的三个空间特征与三种人际交往意识产生对应关系,即基底线表现了秩序意识、重叠表现了去自我中心意识、透明表现了开放意识;(2)艺术治疗对地震孤儿的空间表达能力发展产生了显著的积极影响.     

提高宏观调控有效性的分析与探讨

与30年来市场化改革进程相伴随,我国宏观调控政策的演进与变化总是围绕着社会总供给和社会总需求的关系对比来进行的,但随着经济危机的影响进一步加深,市场自动出清的梦想遥不可及,迫切需要依靠政府的强制力量拉动社会需求,提高宏观调控的有效性,从而改变全社会供需关系失衡的严重现实.     

An Integrated Risk Assessment Model of Township‐Scaled Land Subsidence Based on an Evidential Reasoning Algorithm and Fuzzy Set Theory

Land subsidence risk assessment (LSRA) is a multi‐attribute decision analysis (MADA) problem and is often characterized by both quantitative and qualitative attributes with various types of uncertainty. Therefore, the problem needs to be modeled and analyzed using methods that can handle uncertainty. In this article, we propose an integrated assessment model based on the evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm and fuzzy set theory. The assessment model is structured as a hierarchical framework that regards land subsidence risk as a composite of two key factors: hazard and vulnerability. These factors can be described by a set of basic indicators defined by assessment grades with attributes for transforming both numerical data and subjective judgments into a belief structure. The factor‐level attributes of hazard and vulnerability are combined using the ER algorithm, which is based on the information from a belief structure calculated by the Dempster‐Shafer (D‐S) theory, and a distributed fuzzy belief structure calculated by fuzzy set theory. The results from the combined algorithms yield distributed assessment grade matrices. The application of the model to the Xixi‐Chengnan area, China, illustrates its usefulness and validity for LSRA. The model utilizes a combination of all types of evidence, including all assessment information—quantitative or qualitative, complete or incomplete, and precise or imprecise—to provide assessment grades that define risk assessment on the basis of hazard and vulnerability. The results will enable risk managers to apply different risk prevention measures and mitigation planning based on the calculated risk states.     

固定效应部分线性变系数面板模型的快速有效估计

本文将最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM) 和二次推断函数法(QIF) 相结合，为个体内具有相关结构的固定效应部分线性变系数面板模型提供了一种新的快速估计方法；在一定的正则条件下，论证了参数估计量的渐近正态性和非参数估计量的收敛速度；采用Monte Carlo模拟考察了估计方法在有限样本下的表现并将估计技术应用于现实数据分析。该方法不仅保证了估计的有效性和统计推断力，而且程序运行速度得到较大幅度提升。     

The disaster relief and social work after the Wenchuan earthquake in Mainland China

ABSTRACT

This paper mainly focuses on the development of disaster social work in Mainland China and the intervention of social work in disaster relief. Before the Wenchuan earthquake and in the initial stage of post-earthquake, disaster social work was mainly based on individual psychotherapy; from the earthquake to the year of 2012 in which post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction was completed, the disaster relief began to emphasise community building and integration, while the basic framework for disaster social work was also established. Social workers begin to explore the new mode of developmental and localised disaster social work. By combining with the practical experiences from disaster social work, this paper tries to highlight the dilemmas confronting disaster relief in Mainland China and put forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which could improve the future disaster relief system in Mainland China.     

Maternal Autonomy- and Connectedness-oriented Parenting Behaviors as Predictors of Children's Social Behaviors in China

The purpose of the study was to examine the contributions of maternal encouragement of autonomy and maternal encouragement of connectedness to the prediction of children's social behaviors. A sample of children (N  =  94), initially aged two years, and their mothers in China participated in the two-year longitudinal study. Child autonomy and connectedness and maternal goal-oriented behaviors were assessed at two years of age through the observation of mother–child interactions. Data on children's social participation, prosocial behavior, aggression, and organization/leadership in peer interactions were collected in a follow-up study when the children were four years of age. It was found that maternal encouragement of connectedness significantly predicted children's sociability and organization/leadership behavior, especially for children who were relatively high on autonomy. The results indicated the developmental significance of socialization goal-oriented behaviors in cultural context.     

《史记》所见"胡"与"匈奴"称谓考

<史记>中所见"胡"与"匈奴"两种称谓,其含义是有明显差别的.战国时匈奴及北亚草原各游牧部落,大多以"胡"为名."胡"的称谓泛指或分指"诸胡","匈奴"的称谓则专指匈奴.秦汉之际,匈奴在政治上统一了北亚草原,汉人的观念也随之发生变化,"胡"与"匈奴"两种称谓频繁互换,出现了严重的混淆."匈奴"的称谓既指匈奴,也指汉朝北境"诸胡".而<史记>以"匈奴"指代战国"诸胡"的做法,正是司马迁用汉人观念解释旧史的结果.