不完全数据场合下双参数指数分布参数的区间估计

文章讨论了双参数指数分布参数基于不完全数据情况下的置信区间的构造问题.针对门限参数和尺度参数,分别给出了用于构造置信区间的枢轴量,讨论了门限参数的枢轴量以及尺度参数的枢轴量的精确分布,得到了相应的置信区间.针对尺度参数置信区间构造的枢轴量可以抵抗样本中异常数据的干扰,具有一定程度的稳健性.     

纳什均衡解的另一种解法

文章把图论的知识运用到求二人完全信息静态博弈的纳什均衡解过程中,提出了一种新的求纳什均衡解的方法,证明了求纳什均衡解问题等价于求解有向图的汇点问题.这种方法是基于重复剔除劣策略的基础上的一种改进.在此基础上,给出了一般算法.     

Hamiltonian Monte Carlo acceleration using surrogate functions with random bases

For big data analysis, high computational cost for Bayesian methods often limits their applications in practice. In recent years, there have been many attempts to improve computational efficiency of Bayesian inference. Here we propose an efficient and scalable computational technique for a state-of-the-art Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, namely, Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. The key idea is to explore and exploit the structure and regularity in parameter space for the underlying probabilistic model to construct an effective approximation of its geometric properties. To this end, we build a surrogate function to approximate the target distribution using properly chosen random bases and an efficient optimization process. The resulting method provides a flexible, scalable, and efficient sampling algorithm, which converges to the correct target distribution. We show that by choosing the basis functions and optimization process differently, our method can be related to other approaches for the construction of surrogate functions such as generalized additive models or Gaussian process models. Experiments based on simulated and real data show that our approach leads to substantially more efficient sampling algorithms compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.     

Racial Disparities in Welfare Dependence and Financial Independence: Links to Human Capital,Local Economy,and State Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Policies

This secondary data analysis examined racial disparities in associations betwen welfare dependence/financial independence and human capital, local economy, and state TANF policies. A sample of 6,737 parents was extracted from the public-use data set titled “National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.” Results showed that restrictive TANF policies reduced African Americans’ likelihood of welfare use and increased likelihood of their financial independence. Multinomial logistic results also showed that, among Hispanics, employment growth in neighboring counties promoted welfare use; whereas among Caucasians such growth promoted financial independence. County poverty increased (a) Caucasians’ likelihood of welfare use and (b) Hispanics’ likelihood of being working poor; it decreased Caucasians’ and African Americans’ likelihood of financial independence. Across ethnic groups, education reduced likelihood of welfare use and working poor status; across minority groups, education increased likelihood of financial independence, but among Caucasians it decreased such likelihood. Across ethnic groups, occupational skills hindered dependence and improved odds of employment (regardless of welfare or poverty status). This study concluded the studied TANF policies and job markets were not color-blind. Interventions this study implies include less-restrictive TANF policies, generous support services, TANF staff cultural-competence training, and antidiscrimination rules. Research investigating particular TANF policies’ and services’ effects by ethnicity might prove useful.     

The Intermediate Linkage Between Materialism and Luxury Consumption: Evidence from the Emerging Market of China

The emerging materialism and strong demand for luxury goods in China have attracted a great deal of attention. But the mechanism through which materialism influences luxury consumption remains largely unexplored in the social science literature. This study examines the mediating roles of consumer perceived values as purchase motives in luxury consumption. The mediation effects are tested based on an original survey of 613 participants in eastern China. The results show that the three types of consumer perceived values, namely social, emotional and quality values, mediate the relationship between materialism and luxury purchase intentions. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Wellbeing in China

Partial order methodologies appear as advantageous tools to disclose evaluative trends and developments for time series as, e.g., the fragile states index (FSI). The present study focuses on the variations in the 12 individual indicators of the FSI over the years 2011–2015. The FSI includes in total 178 states and the present study analyzes both the full set of states and a subset comprising only the 28 European Union states. Clear trends are observed. Thus, on a global scale the primary importance of brain drain apparently is turned into group grievance whereas on the European scale the development discloses the increased problems associated with the increasing number of refugees and migrants as well as the declining economic situation in some states. Further the study discloses a series of so-called peculiar states, i.e., states where single indicators values are markedly higher or lower than expected when comparing to the “main stream” of indicator values for the states studied. In all cases the findings were substantiated and verified by available literature.     

婚姻挤压对农村男性生命质量的影响

本研究基于中国的性别失衡背景和在陕西省安康市汉滨区农村地区的调查数据分析婚姻挤压对农村男性生命质量的影响。描述性分析结果显示,28岁以上的未婚男性,其生命质量水平较低;无论处于何种年龄阶段和婚姻状态,感受到婚姻挤压的男性生命质量显著低于未感受到婚姻挤压的男性。回归分析结果显示,婚姻挤压感受和年龄对于男性生命质量均具有显著的独立影响,其影响方向与描述性分析结果一致。这说明婚姻挤压确实会显著降低农村男性的生命质量水平。     

三年困难时期非正常死亡人口及其相关问题研究

三年困难时期(1959～1961年)我国非正常死亡3000万人是个值得商榷的观点,必须进行全面系统的考量和原因分析.文章以1955 ～1957年平均死亡人口作为基准,结合1953～1964年死亡漏报及其纠正的状况,可以估算出三年困难时期非正常死亡人口约为400 ～ 500万人.非正常死亡人口在分布上具有较为明显的地域结构、年龄结构以及性别结构上的差异.此外,造成大量非正常死亡的原因非常复杂,难以从单一的因果关系中寻求答案.但种种迹象表明:这批非正常死亡人口是以饥饿死亡类型为主、其他死亡类型为次;以抗灾能力不强引起为主、以地方救灾失误引起为次.尽管非正常死亡几百万人的教训值得反思,但不能抹杀中国政府应对饥荒所做的努力及其取得的成效,更不能借此上纲上线,意图否定新中国前30年的发展.     

广西少数民族非物质文化遗产数字化保护现状及对策分析

广西作为少数民族最为聚集的地区之一,拥有极为丰富的民族文化资源.数字化是推进少数民族地区非物质文化遗产保护和传承的重要手段.本文从体制机制、人才资金、数字化手段、新媒体传播四个角度出发,对广西少数民族非物质文化遗产的数字化现状进行调研,分析其存在的问题,并从如何树立正确的保护理念、完善数字化体制机制、实施多样性的数字化保护手段等五个方面提出对策建议,以推进广西少数民族非物质文化遗产数字化的可持续发展.