Social Background Differences in Early Family Behavior

Social background has historically been recognized as a major factor influencing family behavior, though recent work has largely emphasized racial/ethnic influences. Here we use 1994 – 1995 and 2001 – 2002 Add Health data to examine the cohabitation, first marriage, and first birth experience of young women. In a multistate life table context, hypothetical cohorts specified in terms of race and mother’s education are followed, from age 11 to age 24, as they move through 6 family‐related statuses. The results indicate that, for both Black and White women, a higher level of maternal education is generally associated with less cohabitation, less marriage, fewer first births, and a higher percentage of women who experience none of those transitions before age 24. Racial and social background differences are conceptually and empirically distinct. Because mother’s education is associated with substantially different trajectories of early family behavior for both Blacks and Whites, we argue that social background merits increased attention in research on contemporary American family patterns.     

职业生涯规划在大学生成长支持中的作用

现代大学教育的最终目标是培养合格的建设人才及社会精英,完成社会传承、推动社会进步。高校素质教育的功能及手段为此正在发生着渐进性的改变,从宏观、单一的层面向系统化、多元化、微观层面转变,高校学生成长支持系统的构建从全程育人、全员育人的理念中升华而来,从组织机构的多元化组成、工作平台的多方位搭建、工作途径的多层面切入．形成了以课堂教育为核心、成长辅导为支撑、实践能力培养为重点的工作体系。大学生成长的生涯规划．尤其是以工作为人生重心的职业生涯规划,直接影响着学生成长路径及成才效果,在大学生就业形势日益严峻的今天,生涯辅导作为大学生成长支持系统的重要组成要素,成为大学生成长支持系统构建的契入点。本文在实证研究的基础上,对大学生职业生涯规划在学生成长支持中的作用及现状进行了分析。研究的基础切入点是大学生职业生涯规划的现状及职业生涯规划与大学生成功就业的关系。在调研分析的基础上进一步提出了当前加强大学生职业生涯规划服务体系建设的重要途径。     

中国劳动力市场中的性别收入差异:一个社会资本的解释

在当前中国劳动力市场中,有关性别工资收入差异的诸多传统理论解释均遇到了一定程度的挑战。基于社会资本的理论视角,文章运用2009年中国八大城市社会网络与职业经历调查数据(JSnet2009),对性别收入差异议题进行再检验。在阐释了社会资本影响性别收入差异的机制后,文章进一步分解了社会资本对性别收入差异的贡献额。Oaxaca-Blinder分解显示,女性的社会资本欠缺,可解释性别收入差异的12.7%,占总解释量的70%以上;分位数回归分解进一步显示,在中高收入群体中,社会资本的性别差异更大,对性别收入差距的贡献更高,并且女性劳动者的社会资本回报率也显著低于男性;另外,女性在社会资本上欠缺还是导致职业性别隔离现象的重要原因。     

风险社会视域下“校园贷”问题的生成及应对

"校园贷"是一个横跨"在场空间"与"缺场空间"的"跨界性"问题,以风险社会理论为视角进行分析,可有效地贯通网上、网下两个空间的情境性区隔,是从整体上对其进行解读的理想选择。它的异变主要涉及社会急剧转型、网络技术发展及大学生群体结构三个风险源:社会转型过程中风险的无序释放是催生"校园贷"问题的现实动因,网络技术的风险特征是催生"校园贷"问题的潜在根源,大学生群体消费欲望强而财商低的结构特点是催生"校园贷"问题的重要因素。防范"校园贷"风险的关键在于建构政府主导、社会参与、个体自省的风险应对共同体,以减少各类风险发生交叠、共振的频率。     

社会网络分析视角下复杂网络结构关系的综合测度

为了克服复杂网络节点数量繁多、结构关系不易测度的难题,文章提出一种社会网络分析视角下“以点界面”的研究思路.通过构建一个新的综合测度指标,完成对网络中节点的综合评价,实现对网络结构关系的测度.与现有社会网络单一测度指标相比,综合测度指标突破现有单一测度指标的局限,构建过程充分利用单一测度指标间关系规律.复杂网络仿真实验进一步表明,无论有中心结构的网络结构和无中心结构的网络结构,综合测度指标提高网络节点不同评价维度和网络角色自带信息的利用率,对网络中节点的全面刻画更为贴切,为复杂网络结构关系综合测度研究提供一种新工具,为提高生活生产效率、预防灾害负面影响提供参考和依据.     

固定设计异方差非参数回归模型的预测方法

文章针对固定设计下异方差非参数回归模型,考虑了基于多项式样条的三种预测方法,即非外推法、线性外推法和非线性外推法.模拟结果表明非外推预测法的均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)的均值最大,而线性外推法的RMSE和MAE的均值略小于非线性外推法的RMSE和MAE的均值.实证分析结果显示:非外推预测法的平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)、RMSE和MAE最大,线性外推法的MAPE、RMSE和MAE最小.这表明整体上外推法优于非外推法,而线性外推法是简单可行的.     

Testing homogeneity in semiparametric mixture case–control models

Parametric and semiparametric mixture models have been widely used in applications from many areas, and it is often of interest to test the homogeneity in these models. However, hypothesis testing is non standard due to the fact that several regularity conditions do not hold under the null hypothesis. We consider a semiparametric mixture case–control model, in the sense that the density ratio of two distributions is assumed to be of an exponential form, while the baseline density is unspecified. This model was first considered by Qin and Liang (2011 Qin, J., Liang, K.Y. (2011). Hypothesis testing in a mixture case–control model. Biometrics 67(1):182–198.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], biometrics), and they proposed a modified score statistic for testing homogeneity. In this article, we consider alternative testing procedures based on supremum statistics, which could improve power against certain types of alternatives. We demonstrate the connection and comparison among the proposed and existing approaches. In addition, we provide a unified theoretical justification of the supremum test and other existing test statistics from an empirical likelihood perspective. The finite-sample performance of the supremum test statistics was evaluated in simulation studies.     

基于贝叶斯学习的惩罚因子的选择

文章基于贝叶斯学习,将正则化方法从贝叶斯分析的角度展开,在响应变量服从正态分布、回归系数服从指数型先验分布族的条件下,用贝叶斯准则给出了惩罚因子的取值与响应变量、系数的方差之间的关系,并将这一结果应用到岭回归和lasso回归中惩罚因子的选择.实例检验结果表明,当响应变量和系数服从正态分布,惩罚因子的值取二者方差商的方法比岭迹法和广义交叉验证法(GCV)拟合效果更优.     

北京金融"怎么看?""怎么办?"

以习近平总书记视察北京为标志,北京的城市功能定位和发展战略方向得到了明确,北京整个城市正在重新出发.作为北京第一大支柱产业,金融业的重新出发已刻不容缓.通过对北京金融业的雄厚基础、 得天独厚的发展优势、 北京金融业实现转型发展存在的短板进行梳理和分析,提出建设"首都型金融"的新目标和近期推动"首都型金融"发展的重点任务.     

Parameter estimation of a composite production function model based on improved artificial fish swarm algorithm and model application

The traditional Cobb–Douglas production function uses the compact mathematical form to describe the relationship between the production results and production factors in the production technology process. However, in macro-economic production, multi-structured production exists universally. In order to better demonstrate such input–output relation, a composite production function model is proposed in this article. In aspect of model parameter estimation, artificial fish swarm algorithm is applied. The algorithm has satisfactory performance in overcoming local extreme value and acquiring global extreme value. Moreover, realization of the algorithm does not need the gradient value of the objective function. For this reason, it is adaptive to searching space. Through the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm, convergence rate and precision are both considerably improved. In aspect of model application, the composite production function model is mainly used to calculate economic growth factor contribution rate. In this article, a relatively more accurate calculating method is proposed. In the end, empirical analysis on economic growth contribution rate of China is implemented.